The Tendention of Using American English

universe A. Background side of meat, mavin of the almost spoken languages in the human, has a business deal of variants. The most well-k at presentn side of meat variants ar British and Ameri git slope. Although British and Ameri dope side be the same language, they consecrate some differences in verbiage, orthoepy, grammar, and spell out (http//www. uta. fi/FAST/US1/REF/usgbintr. html, 2011). However. adept variant ceasenot be state to be superior to the new(prenominal) beca do both take been standardized (Kemmer,2009).Despite no course about the differences seemween British and American slope, PBI students they ar console capable to communicate using position. It was not known whether they persist to engagement British or American side of meat. Their superpower to key out those variants of slope is as well as questioned. Therefore, their theatrical role of American and Btritish position is studied in this research. B. Research Problems base on the d escription above, the problems that can be breedulated argon 1. Do PBI students more frequently role British than American face verbiage? . What is the course of PBI students in using British and American slope orthoepy? 3. How successful do PBI students in identifying interpreting and earreach passage of British and American incline? 4. What is PBI studentsconsistency in using British and American side? C. Aims The aims of this research ar 1. to analyze whether PBI students more frequently hold British English or American English lexicon. 2. to analyze the carryency of PBI students in using British English and American English orthoepy. 3. o analyze the ability of PBI students in identifying instruction and listening passage of British English and American English. 4. to analyze PBI students consistency in using British and American English. D. Benefits By filling this research, the benefit that the researchers can get is to widen the experience concerning the diffe rences between British and American English. For science, it is expected that this research topic can contribute to Linguistics course material. For the next researcher, this paper is expected to be able to be roled as a reference to conduct a research with a similar topic.E. Scope To narrow knock down the discussion of this research, the researchers limit the research to the use of British and American English among PBI students of Sanata Dharma University year 2010. The other limitations atomic number 18 British and American English mental lexicon, pronunciation, and spelling. The researchers do not study the use of British and American English among PBI Sanata Dharma other than year 2010 and other aspects of differences between British and American English such as grammar. Previous Studies/Related Theories English, one of the most spoken languages in the world, has a lot of variants.The most well-known English variants are British and American English. Although British and American English are the same language, they prepare some differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and spelling. The differences in grammatical pattern can be seen in these examples BrEAmE half an hour a half hour v dollars a pair (five dollars the pair) at university at the university organization are administration is team are team is government are government is dope of time plenty time half of the world half the world need it badly need it bad e entirelyy wicked real hard now right now moderate you got? do you have? Ihavent got I dont have show to help them try help them The differences are also found in some verbs counterfeit BrEAmE burn burnt burnt burn burned burned woolgather dreamt dreamt dream dreamed dreamed mow mowed mown mow mowed mowed glance shone shone shine shined shined learn learnt learnt learn learned learned bet betted betted bet bet bet dive dived dived dive dove dived pleaded pleaded -pleaded plead pled pledTh e differences in spelling are for example in the linguistic process BrEAmE colour, honour, labour, neighbour color, honor, labor, inhabit calibre, centre, fibre, theatre caliber, center, fiber, theater be activeled, cancelled, labeledtraveled, canceled, labeled kidnapped, worshippedkidnaped, worshiped skilful, wilful, enrolment skillful, testamentful, enrollment defence, offence, pretence defense, offense, model abridgement, judgement abridgment, judgment authorise, characterise, colonise, authorize, characterize, colonizeThe differences in pronunciation can be explained by chase explanation 1. Br a before -f, -s, -S, m, n is pronounced ? (ask, after, half, path, chance, plant, sample) 2. Br i in timid, America is often pronounced ? 3. Br a in but, festinate is pronounced closer to ? 4. AmE does not leave out the r-sounds in better, perceive, bird, here, scant(p) 5. Br ju after consonants d, t, n is pronounced u, eg. duty, tune, new 6. BrE reduces the snatchary pains mo re than AmE, eg. secretary, secondary, necessary 7.Suffix -ile is pronounced -? l in AmE and -ail in BrE, eg. agile, fertile, hostile, mobile The differences in pronunciation are in for example in the news weapons platforms BrE AmE election rizos risos figure fig? figj? r leisure lez? liz? r both ai i r research ris? c ris? rc glacier gl? si? gleis? r schedule sedju? l skedz? l and so on. The differences in vocabulary are for example in the lecture BrEAmE public toilets restrooms curriculum vitae resume, personal narrative the cinema the movies, the movie theater ift elevator lorrytruck pavement sidewalk cab cab (book)shop (book)store rubbish garbage subway underpass cottage cabin sweets candy, and so on. According to Svartvik and Sager (20052) English pronunciation varies a great deal, whereas English grammar is very conformable and homogenous. The lexical items of the language is fairly similar as well although people from the two geographic areas use diverse vocabular y and slang. David Crystal (2005308) shows how the lexical items from the two regions, American and British, can be categorize into various categories.The first family line shows that thither are examples of two linguistic communication that have a single meaning, e. g. sweets which is called candy in America. The second category shows the same word is used in both dependries but with different meanings, for instance the word machineavan which is used in both American English and British English but with different meanings, that is to swan that the word caravan means a vehicle towed by a car in Britain whereas a caravan is a group of people that travel through a desert in American English. According to professor H.Marckwardt of Princeton University When foreign teachers are unbalanced about which English they should teach British or American it seems to me that weve now arrived at the point where we can phrase without hesitation Teach the form that you know and that you have the resources to teach. So, as teacher we have to be able to identify the American English and British English, understand the differences, then we mind which English that we use. Methods/ Data Collection The order that is used in field task 2 was quantitative regularity because this project was dealing with numbers.To collect the data, we used questionnaire. We used the solving of the questionnaire as the parameter to identify the root of this small research. The students that were chosen in this project were 20 PBI students from year 2010 of Sanata Dharma University. Though the number of the students was too small for the head to be considered as statistically secure, but at least, the firmness could score a clue to the reality of the situation. The students are randomly chosen, without considering gender, age, social location and other aspects that can influence the choice in language using.The next step of this project was questionnaire distribution among the resp ondents. The questionnaire consisted of four posts where the first check was vocabulary identification. In this part, fifteen questions and count ons that showed different things were provided. Besides each picture, the respondents could come two synonymous words, one American and one British. Then, the correspondents had to circle one out of two words that they found the most familiar. For example, a picture of a building was provided in the questionnaire. Besides that picture, two synonymous words were written.The correspondents then must circle one word that they recognize most, either flat (BrE) or apartment (AmE). By seeing the result, we can count how numerous American English vocabulary items or British English vocabulary items circled, so we can know the tendency of students using the vocabulary. pic The second section is variation section. This section consisted of two reading passages using British and American vocabulary items. In the first passage, we provide Brit ish English vocabulary items and in the second passage, we provide American English vocabulary items.The correspondents then must identify which text consisted of British English expression items and which text consisted of American English vocabulary items. pic The third section is pronunciation. orthoepy section is to see the tendency of PBI students in using American English pronunciation or British English pronunciation. In this part, the respondents are offered 10 words which have different pronunciation in American English and British English. pic picFrom that questionnaire, in that locationspondent have to pronounce the10 words, and the observer will circle the phonetic transcription based on the respondents pronunciation on the assessment paper whether they pronounce the words using American English pronunciation or British English pronunciation. By seeing the result, we can count how many American English pronunciation or British English pronunciation circled, so we can know the tendency of students pronounce the words. The fourth part of the questionnaire was listening section. In this part, trey enters from BBC and TOEFL listening materials were provided.The duration of each recording was approximately 1 minute and 30 seconds. The correspondents are asked to listen to the three recordings and identify whether the speakers in each conversations are using British emphasise or American accent. After collecting the data from the respondents, the researchers then examine the data. The respondents answer are classified according to the quantity of British and American English using. The questionnaire result that showed more circle in AmE English vocabulary items were separated from those that showed more circle in BrE vocabulary items.The result that shows the students who were tend to pronounce the word in AmE way also separated from the result which showed those who were tend to pronounce words in BrE. Besides, the result of the students who coul d have identify the recordings and the reading passages correctly were also separated from the result of those who couldnt have identified correctly. From this classification, the students tendency in using either British English or American English and the students ability in identifying the passages of British English and American English can be seen clearly.Results A. VOCABULARY SECTION The result of the vocabulary part is that students who chose the answers with more American English vocabulary items are 6, and students who chose the answers with more British English vocabulary are 14. The result is explained in following table Result Number of students American English inclination of an orbit 6 British English Tendency 14 From this result, we can put that there are 6 students have tendency to use American English and there are 14 students have tendency to use British English, so PBI students have tendency using British English vocabulary items than American English vocabul ary items. B. PRONUNCIATION SECTION In the pronunciation part, the result is that there are 8 students pronounced the words using more American English pronunciation, 8 students pronounced the words using 5 American English pronunciations and 5 British English pronunciations, and there are 4 students pronounced using more British English. The result is explained in following table Result Number of students American English tendency 8 Equal 8 British English tendency 4 From this result, we can say that there are 8 students have tendency to use American English and there are 4 students have tendency to use British English. So we can conclude thet PBI students have tendency using American English pronunciation than British English pronunciation.C. READING PASSAGES The result of reading part is that there are 14 students could identify the reading passages with correct all, and there are 6 students couldnt identify the reading passages. The result is explained in following table Re sult Number of students be all 14 counteract one 0 Incorrect all 6 From the result, we can say that most of PBI students can identify the American English reading passages and British English reading passages. D. LISTENING PASSAGES The result of listening part is that there are 11 students could identify the three listening passages perfectly, there are 2 students could identify two listening passages correctly, and there are 4 students could identify only one listening passages correctly, and no one couldn identify the listening passages incorrect all. The result is Result Number of students Correct all 11 Correct two 5 Correct one 4 Incorrect all 0 From the result, we can say that most of PBI students can identify the American English listening passages and British English listening passages. Discussion Based on the results, it can be seen that PBI students tend to use British English vocabulary items instead of those of American English.It is revealed that 14 students a nswer the vocabulary questionnaire with most Btitish English vocabulary items. Mean sequence, 6 students in general use American vocabulary items to answer the questionnaire. Regarding their pronunciation, PBI students tend to use American means to pronounce the words in the questionnaire. The results show that 8 students answer it with American English pronounciation and 8 students mix British and American English pronunciation equally. The other 4 students tend to use British English style of pronouncing. close to PBI students can identify the British and American English reading passages, which means that they know the differences between British and American English spelling and vocabulary items contained in the reading passages. From the results, it is seen that 14 students can answer all the questions in the questionnaire correctly. Meanwhile, 6 students cannot identify British and American English reading passages correctly because all their answers are wrong. Most PBI stud ents are also able to identify the listening passages correctly. 1 students have all correct answers, 5 students have 2 correct answers and 4 students have only 1 correct answer in the questionnaire. It means that 11 students can recognize the differences between British and American English pronunciation well while 9 students cannot recognize British and American English pronunciation well. Therefore, it can be inferred that PBI students are in pursuant(predicate) in using British and American English. Such conclusion can be drawn because they tend to use British English vocabulary but when it comes to pronunciation, American English style is mostly used.Besides, there are no students who answer the questionnaire consistenely with all British or American English vocabulary and pronunciation all of them have mixed answers. That inconsistency is even strengthened by the fact that they are actually aware of the differences between British and American English, as shown in their abilit y to identify British and American English reading and listening passages correctly. Closing Remarks Based on the previous elaboration, it can be conclude that 1. PBI students more frequently use British English vocabulary. . PBI students tend to use American English pronunciation instead of British English pronunciation. 3. Most PBI students are able to identify reading and listening passage of British English and American English correctly 4. PBI students are not consistent in using British and American English. When foreign teachers are worried about which English they should teach British or American it seems to me that weve now arrived at the point where we can say without hesitation Teach the form that you know and that you have the resources to teach. -Professor H. Marckwardt of Princeton University to the hesitant and confused teachers- Students of PBI are actually taught and wide-awake to be the English teachers do not matter they want it or not. Realizing that there ar e two popular kinds of English (British English and American English), as the teacher who teach English as second language, they have to also master the differences, and be able to identify them. As teachers they will be asked to provide and arrange teaching materials such as reading passage, listening passage and also explanation.This is why teacher must be equipped with the knowledge of British and American English differences so they are able to provide explanation or passage using consistent choice (British or American English). Using British English or American English is not the matter. But using British or American English consistently is the emphasis. For example, teachers can not mix the British and American English in one reading passage that they rack up because it will result either confusion or students inconsistency in using the language variation.To improve students knowledge and ability either to identify the variation or use it consistently, the study program has t o provide a specific course which can equip the students. If to take new course is less possible, the lecturers of each course must be able to integrate their course with this important equipment of being English teachers. As the quote above, however, foreign English teachers have to mind which English they use to provide better teaching. References Benedikt, Zdenek. Differences Between American English and British English. retrieved on March 27, 2012) Kemmer, Suzanne. (2009). The History of English. http//www. ruf. rice. edu/kemmer/Histengl/spelling. html (retrieved on June 10, 2012) Spangberg, Charlotte. (2007). British English or American English Vocabulary. Goteborg University Department of English. ____. (2011). American vs British English grassroots Differences and Influences of Change. http//www. uta. fi/FAST/US1/REF/usgbintr. html (retrieved on June 10, 2012) Appendices 1. Questionnaire pic pic 2. Assessment Paper