Qantas

INTRODUCTION In the competitory foodstuff industries of home of domestic, international or global have very agonistic rivalry. fol menial lead and specialism strategies atomic number 18 commonly employ strategical c be dimensions in the literature (Dess and Davis, 1984 Nayyar, 1993). But to achieve merchandiseplace maestroity everywhere competitors and profitability it has to make clear choice over the scheme use in order to vitiate the inherent contradiction of different strategies ( porters beer, 1996, p. 67) In todays commercialise for a comp whatever to survive, it has to give cardinal corporate strategies 1.Lowest price without jeopardizing the bore. 2. Better timbre, simple way of feat and expose look that means ability to be creative and innovative. According to door guard (1985) all generic wine belligerent strategies have different way of cresting sustainable private-enterprise(a) return. And a guild moldiness always choose a outline or else it will be stuck in the middle without luculent system (Acquaah & Yasai Ardekani, 2006). Many companies for example Wal Mart and AirAsia have been implementing a whizz scheme very undefeatedly.Examples of companies which has used differentiation strategy as hit strategy successfully * specialisation by Brand Harley Davidson and Mercedes Benz * preeminence by Design Titan watches with gold studded gems, diamonds, precious metals. * Differentiation by Positioning Domino Pizza 30 minutes delivery * Differentiation by Technology apple Computers * Differentiation by Innovation 3M. further more than(prenominal) in that respect argon successful companies which apply intercrossed strategy which implies some(prenominal) approach leaders & differentiation strategy at the same time.Eg Germans Automotive, Tesco super grocery store, IKEA. competitory strategy It is the way by which trustys choose to hit and hold their competitive advantage. Regarding competitive strategy Po rter utter that fetching offence or defensive actions to create a defendable fleck in an industry, to cope with competitive forces and thereby yield a ranking(a) return for the firm. Companies have established different approaches to competitive strategy, as per the crisis companies should apply respective strategy. The basic of generic strategyPorter stated that companys strength is divided into both attri moreoveres constitute advantage and differentiation. By applying these attributes in a wide-cut and narrow focus, three generic strategies result cost leading, differentiation and focus. They do not represent any industry nor they be ad hoc to any company. PORTERS generic wine STRATEGIES Diagram 1 (Porter, 1980) Normally means pursue a smell approach. Enables a price premium to be charged for the quality difference. Normally means pursue a quality approach. Enables a price premium to be charged for the quality difference.Aim to have worst cost-base industry. go away facilitate favourable / cheaper pricing and thus wax market appropriate in elastic industries particularly. Aim to have abjectest cost-base industry. Will facilitate favourable / cheaper pricing and thus grow market shargon in elastic industries particularly. Competitive Advantage Competitive Advantage Differentiation Differentiation Lower approach Lower Cost Broad sharpen Broad Target 1. Cost leaders Competitive Score Competitive Score 2. Differentiation Narrow Target Narrow Target 3 A. Cost Focus 3 B. Differentiation FocusConcentrate on iodine or a small number of market segments. send packing be differentiation or cost leadership. Concentrate on i or a small number of market segments. Can be differentiation or cost leadership. Porter initially advised Firms to avoid attempting both Strategies Stuck in the Middle as out and out differentiators and cost leaders will tend to be more competitive. The success of Japanese (and other) firms with JIT, Kaizen and TQM technique s appears to provide evidence contrary to this view. Requirements for generic competitive strategies generic wine schema Commodity Required Skills and Resources Common Organizational Requirements Overall cost leadership Sustained capital investment access to capital Tight cost control Process engineering skills Frequent, detailed control reports Intense oversight of labour Structured organization and responsibilities Products designed for ease Incentives based on meeting strict denary Low-cost distribution system targets in manufacture Differentiation upstanding marketing abilities Strong coordination among functions in R&D, intersection development, and marketing Product ngineering Creative flare Strong electrical capacity in basic research Subjective measurement andincentives instead of quantitative measures Corporate reputation for quality or technological leadership comforts to make full(prenominal)ly skilled labour, scientists, or creative people vast trad ition in the industryor unique conclave of skills drawn from other businesses Strong cooperation fromchannels Focus Combination of the above policies directed at the particular strategic target Combination of the above policies directed at the regular strategic targetFour strategic types and their approaches to strategy (Miles and Snow)? 1. Defender * protect market share * hold current office 2. Analyser * seek market opportunities but protect existing areas * hold market share but with some innovation 3. Prospector * find new opportunities * exploit and take risks 4. reactor * respond only to other * often late and inadequate toll AND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY Cost leadership Strategy The cost leadership strategy represents cost control and efficiency in all areas of operation (Porter, 1980).A company that decides to follow cost leadership actually achieves it by playing important value chain activities with lower cost (Porter, 1985). Cost Leadership strategy strives to submit a standard, no frills, high volume product with a competitive price to customers (Bingxin Li & Juan Li, 2008) which is preferred in maturation countries India, China, Indonesia & Malaysia. This make product more competitive than others with brand image and unspoilt portion (Hutchinson et al. 2007 Frambach et al. 2003 Porter, 1980).Cost Leadership aim requires strong focus on supply side as oppose to demand side of market with high level competitor orientation (Day & Wendley, 1988). Cost Leadership strategy used by companies must benchmark them in a profitable position in the market place. As per Porter (1980), efficient cost leadership strategy minimizes cost in areas like R&D, Services, Sales and Advertising. In Japan, Toyota Company has successfully utilise cost leadership strategy with increase efficiency (Schonberger, 1994) which is a different factor make up in this strategy when compared to the western countries. Allen & Helms, 2001) Differentiation Strategy The generic of differentiation strategy shag be based upon design and brand image, distribution & so forth (Frambach. Et al. 2003). It involves by creating a place in the market that is realize as being different in the industry and has the capability to hold for a long run (Porter, 1980). The effectiveness of strategy depends on competitive offering to customers (Slater & Olson, 2001) with unique product for varied customer groups. This is with the aim to create minimum price of product in order to develop satisfaction and loyalty.A firm with differentiation strategy creates superior characteristics in terms of image, reputation, dependability and equality (Dean & Evans, 1994 Sashi and Stern, 1995). This creates qualitative difference in products & service, engaged in advertizement programs, marketing techniques with premium prices (Miller, 1986). According to Acquaah and Yasai Ardekani (2006). Firms with competitive strategies has advantage over their rivals as they realized h ow unique their products and services are.The differentiation strategy has been successfully implemented in France, Sweden, Canada with companies having advantage of Financial and technology resources, human capital and neo management (Aulakh et al, 2000) Focus Porter defined focus as one of the generis strategies but later on mentioned it as moderator of cost leadership and differentiation strategy, Companies which apply this strategy normally focus on the market where there are less competitor. (Pearson, 1999). Firms uses this strategy to stress on a specific positioning in the market and so it offers quality and specialized products for that position.thitherfore sometimes focus strategy is referred as quoin strategy (Lynch, 2003). This strategy allows the firm the possibility to charge a premium price for its specialized products. Ferrari and Rolls Royce are examples of company using such strategy. The only problem with the strategy is that niche characteristic is not suffici ent to justify companys attention. Stuck in the middle When a company fails to make a choice amid the strategies then it is implied that the company is stuck in the middle. Thus affecting its profitability and resulting despicable financial functioning. (Peter, 1980)THE COMBINATION (HYBRID) STRATEGY The Porter Generic competitive Strategies (1980, 1985) cant be given excessive prominence. Competitive forces ( Allen and Helms, 2006 Miller, 1992 Spanos, et al. , 2004) has been termed hybrid, mixed, integrated or combination strategies. (Kim. Et al. , 2004 Spanos, et al. , 2004). They combine both low cost and differentiation elements (Gopalakrishna and Subramanian, 2001 Proff, 2000). A combination of cost leadership and differentiation strategies should be distinguish from stuck in the middle where firm fails to successfully pursue both. (Acquaah & Yasai Ardekani, 2006).A combination or hybrid strategy has been proved to be viable and profitable (Kim et al. , 2004 Miller & Dess, 1993 Wright et al. , 1991). Firms pursue combined strategy achieved higher performance than the other firms which apply single(a) strategy. Combined strategy too helps the firm to minimize their vulnerability ascribable to reliance on cost based advantages only (Yasai Ardekani & Nystrom, 1996). This hybrid strategy success depends on ability to deliver enhanced benefit to customers with low price and sufficient margins to reinvestment. Tesco Supermarket is following same the same strategy (Strategy Explorer, 2010)THE action OF SINGLE STARTEGY Cost Leadership Strategy The cost leadership strategy is the basis for long run compare to price competition. Price competition is easily duplicated (Porter, 1980 Ellis & Kelly, 1992). In retail business cost reduction must be exploited which minimizes cost throughout value chain activities. weighty issues in retail business are related with cost of goods sold. (COGS). bountiful retail business achieve more easily cost leadership due to more former supplier to secure low procurement prices for purchased goods (Ellis & Kelley, 1992 Anderer, 1997).Datuk Tony Fernandez as CEO of AirAsia Berhad said Before business can grow it needs to have its cost under control, efficient and profitable and excessively it must create value. AirAsia leader of LCC in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia will view competition from existing and new players and it need to make consideration & more stressed for the point of becoming the low cost carrier in the airline industries. Differentiation Strategy It emphasis several dimensions such as image, gain customer loyalty, innovation and level of service (Kim et al. , 2004) by generating differences n product through intensive marketing & image management (Miller 1988) and creating products which are innovative, dependable, durable, and serviceable (Beal & Yasai Ardekani, 2000) In retail business company, as for manufacturing companies two principal(prenominal) arguments against Porter framework have emerged (Mintzberg, 1996 Worztel, 1987 Zentes and Anderer, 1994) * Strategies that combine several competitive advantages are not considered by Porter. * The reduction of possible competitive advantage to two basic types is simplistic & especially differentiation advantages can be reached in different ways.The implementation of combination of Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategy (Hybrid Strategy) This new hybrid strategy may become even more important and more popular as Global competition increase. With generic strategy company improve their ability to adapt quick surround changes and learn new skills and technologies involving customers value with products at low cost compare to competitors products. Cost leadership enables the company to charge the lowest competitive price and achieving competitive advantage by delivering value to customers based on both product features and low price.Competitive strategy is not only feasible but generates superior increm ental performance result in multiple sources of competitive advantage. This will generate superior performance over the inability to success. The success of Japanese companies such as Toyota, Canon and Honda are best examples of cost leadership and differentiation strategies. (Ishikura, 1983). Porters Generic Strategies in Hospitality labor 1. Cost Leadership Strategy Hotelier such as Fairfield Inns, Etap offer services which are basics. Thus by doing so, they keep the cost at minimum and attract lot of market segment. . Differentiation Strategy Chain of hotels such as Marriott and Hilton apply this strategy by providing guests with high quality and special service and experience. 3. Focus Strategy Four Seasons only stress on elect guests and Burj Al Arab hotel only target guests such as royal families, celebrities, and loaded industrialists. Five Forces Analysis Porter developed this model as a framework to understand the profitability about the industry. Mentioned below are the quint forces * Suppliers power * Buyers power * The threat of substitutes * The ease of entry to the market The intensity of rivalry in the market Porter Five Forces that shape industry competition Example of a pharmaceutical company in US Potential brisk Entrants There are high barriers for entry especially in the US market due to the regulatory compliance, patent laws and the risk associated with the industry this go alongs a weak competitive force. The cost related to the R&D also limits the Potentials New Entrants. Suppliers Supplier power in low as the absolute majority of the pharmaceutical sale is among the ten large pharmaceutical companies also they remain the major costumer for the chemical industry. Buyers The power of the buyers is a moderate competitive force. Increasing pressure is being applied on the manufacturers to reduce the prices. In the pharmaceutical industry the end-user of the product has very low power as they buy the drugs that the decision maker or the doctor prescribes. Substitutes This competitive power is weak when the products have the patent production but gets medium when they are off patent. CONCLUSION Successful organization adopts a combination of competitive aspect to build a hybrid strategy. i. e. Design and low cost, quality and price .Only competing on price is not good enough (Daan Assenss Learning , 2010). Cost leadership and differentiation strategies are very successful in much different kind of industries, for developing, transition and developed economic science. Cost leadership, Differentiation and hybrid strategies have been successfully applied for very broad range of products and services from retail products to luxury products. TABLE 1 STRATEGIES employ BY THE COMPANIES No. Strategy Where has the strategy been applied Products/Services that the strategy has been applied 1. Cost Leadership Developing, pitch contour and developed economics (worldwide) Cars Industry (Toyota), Airline Business (Air Asia), Retail Business (Giant and Carrefour Supermarket) 2. Differentiation Developing, Transition and developed economics (worldwide) Cars and Motor cycle Mercedes Benz, Harley Davidson, Titan Watches, Domino Pizza, Apple , 3M 3. Hybrid (Combination of Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategy) Developing, Transition and developed economics (worldwide) Car Industry Toyota, Honda, Furniture Industry IKEA REFERENCES Acquaah, M. & Yasai-Ardekani, M. (2006). Does the implementation of a combination competitive strategy yield incremental performance benefit? A new perspective from transition economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. daybook of Business search 61, 346 354. * Anderer, M. (1997). Internationaliseerung im Einzelhandel. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt. * Aulakh, Preet S. , Masaaki Kotabe. & Hildy Teegen. (2000). Export Strategies and Performance of Firms from Emerging Economies Evidence from Brazil, chili and Mexico. honorary society of focusing daybook, Vol. 3 (3), 342-6 1. * Bingxin Li, C. & Juan Li, J. (2008). Achieving Superior Financial Performance in China Differentiation, Cost Leadership or Both? American merchandise Association, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 16(3), 1-22. * Daan Assens Learning, (2010). Hybrid strategy sustainable competitive advantage. http//www. daanassen. com/hybrid-strategy-sustainable-competitive-advantage (3 Jan, 2011). * Dess, G. , G. & Davis, P. S. (1984). Porters (1980) generic strategies as determinants of strategic group memberships and organizational performance.Academic of Management Journal 27, 467-488. * Frambach, Ruud T. , Jaideep Prabhu. & Theo M. M. Verhallen. (2003). The Influence of Business Strategy on New Product Activity The Role of Market Orientation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 20 (4), 377-97. * Hutchinson, Karise, Nicholas Alexander, Barry Quinn & Anne Marie Doherty. (2007). Internalization Motives and Facilitating Factors Qualitative Evidence from Smaller speci alist Retailers. Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 15 (3), 96-122. * Kim, E. , Nam, D. & Stimpert, J. L. (2004).Testing the Applicability of Porters Generic Strategies in the Digital Age a Study of Korean Cyber Malls. Journal of Business Strategies, Vol. 21, 19-45. * Miller, A. & Dess, G. (1993). Academy of Management Assessing Porters (1980) Model in terms of its Generalizability, Accuracy and Simplicity. Journal 36 (4), 763-788. * Mintzberg, H. (1996). Generic Business Strategies. In Mintzberg, H. , Quinn, J. (Eds), The Strategy Process, thirded. Prentice Hall International, Upper Saddle River/Nj, 83-92. * Morshett, D. , Benhard Swoboda & Hanna Schramm-Klein. (2006).Competitive Strategy in Retailing An Investigation of the Applicability of Porter Framework for Food Retailers. perception Direct. Journal of Retailing and Customer Services 13, 275-287. * Nayyar, P. R. (1993). Performance Effect on Information Asymmetry and scope in diversified Service Firms. Academy of Manag ement Journal, 36, 28 -58. * Pearce, J. & Robinson, R. (1994). Strategic ManagementFormulation, Implementation and Control, Fifth Edition. Irwin, take away Ridge/IL. * Porter ME. (1985). Creating and sustaining superior performance. Competitive Advantage. New York Free Press. Schonberger, R. (1994). valet de chambre Resource Management Lessons from a Decade of Total Quality Management and Reengineering. California Management Review, Vol. 36 (4), 109-134. * Worztel, L. 1987. Retailing Strategies for to Days develop Market Place. Journal of Business Strategy 8 (Spring), 45-56. * Yasai-Ardekani, M. , Nystrom, PC. (1996). Design for environmental Scanning Systems Test of a Contingency Theory. Management Science, 187-204. * Zentes, J, & Anderer, M. (1994). Retail observe 1/94 Customer Service as a authority Out of Crises. GDI-Retailer- Trendletter, Vol. 2(1), 1-29.

In the Time of the Butterflies By Julia Alvaraz Essay

Organizational PatternsIn the Time of the Butterflies is organized into three several(prenominal) partsPart I, Part II, and Part III. These parts atomic number 18 followed by an Epilogue critical to the myth. Each part of the discussion consists of four chapters, individually chapter is told by a divergent narrator. The narrators be the four Mirabal infants (aka the neverthelessterflies), Dede, Minerva, maria Teresa, and Patria. As each chapter changes narrators, bits and pieces of the tale ar revealed as each diametric temper finds different facts important. Dede, Minerva, and Patria all engagement a standard narration, nonwithstanding Marias narration is colligate by means of her journal she includes drawings, dates, pictures, and more unserviceable and soulal experiences of her days. Marias chapters add some involvement a little ludicrous and at that placefore contri scarcelye to the creativity and inte in compriseality of the written report.NarratorDede is the leading purpose as she is the only sister who is non claimed by the martyrdom. The narration begins in second mortal with Dede in her current judgment of conviction (1994), relating the story of the butterflies by going cover song in time. Each sister then begins taking her drama, rotating chapters, narrating in first person. With Dede, Minerva, Patria, and Maria all taking a turn by chapter, each girls distinct personality and vocalisation adds variety and excitement to the carry. The story then does well to validate a large audience who will nearly likely find some of themselves in a particular sister, or in the sisters combined.ThemesSacrifice The teleph sensation exchange head of this have is sacrifice sacrificing oneself for the greater trade good, for former(a)s, and for ones country. contain-to-end the entire novel the Mirabal sisters atomic number 18 exemplars of this as they sacrifice of their time, energy, and hearts to help not only the ones they lo ve, but the numerous strangers ab by them who ar low semipolitical in furtherice and violence. Minerva, who dos a political icon and some straighten out of a hero because of her scrap spirit and call to pull through and through, consistently sacrifices herself in her combat of injustice, and expects the same of those slightly her. Her sisters follow her lead in sacrificing themselves through her persuasion and passion for what is justly.Political Control The book resonates with political shackles and injustice. All people in the friar preacher Republic in this time period, the early and middledle 1900s, lived in constant fear of the way they stave and the way they lived. The dictator of the timeTrujillohad planted spies and technology within auditory modality range of around public homes. If for any reason Trujillo was to suspect a person or family of political dis faithfulness the suspects would disappear, world sent to either prison or their death.Throughout the book superficiality and fear atomic number 18 continually exhibited through the public who are forced to worship and praise a bloodthirsty dictator or fear for their lives. Loyalty many another(prenominal) different forms of loyalty are addressed in the book through those fighting for let godom and those fighting for power. The Mirabal family displays strong loyalty and love as they do not allow a political system to tear them apart. At all costs they fight for one another and prove the sizeableness of family, devotion, and forgiveness. The opposing situation also displays a different kind of loyalty as loyalty is forced through fear. The superficial loyalty of the governing stands in stark contrast to the chosen loyalty of friends and family members.Identity thither is a strong sense of identity throughout the book as each Mirabal sisters personality and value system is related in the different chapters. on that point is an obvious struggle in each sister as she must deter mine who she is, which side she is on, and what she will stand for. Detailed and advert conflicts are related as each girl interacts with the people around her, and decides the kind of life she will lead.Choosing the course that is best for all and contributes to the greater good, rather than foc employ on just the individual, is stressed. Each sister succeeds in finding a strong and accomplishing individuality through the help and rise of each other. Regret and inner battles are something each girl deals with vastly as she struggles to choose the right course for herself, and her conscience. High contribution and view are placed upon each sister as they succeed in living up to a strong sense of purpose and identity.place settingThe setting of the book takes place in the Dominican Republic. Because the book relates ii different time periods as Dede gives the present view and the relation of the story by going back down in time, the time periods and situations do change. When D ede goes back in time the course of studys are 1938-1960 where dictator Trujillo has control of the country. In this setting the political excitement and fear of the people are real gamey. The Mirabals begin as a regular family who then gradually vex famous in this time period through their noncompliance with the regimen and radical political views.Dede also relates her present circumstances in the year 1994 throughout the book. In this this time period the effect and fame of the Mirabals are related as current political icons and martyrs in a now free Dominican Republic. The two different settings accomplish cause and effect. The cause of the Mirabals is related in the first setting and time period of the book, and the effect of their action is displayed in the second and current time period for Dede.ToneThe smack of the book is one of action and enjoyment. As the Mirabal sisters choose a atrocious and outspoken course the book becomes actually high spirited. Through legi on(predicate) adventures, love stories, relationships, and sorrows, reader is called to a more active lifestyle with high expectation. While the book deals with very dangerous situations ultimately resulting in death, in some way it is also able to keep a tone of love, loyalty, and pleasure through the optimism and energy of the sisters. A tone of willpower definitely comes forth, most passing exemplified through the character of Minerva.ForeshadowingAs the main narrator Dede relates the story of the butterflies through a second person narration as a moment in history, and because she is relating history she knows where the story will go and how it ends. This being the case, there are many moments of prefiguration through flashbacks as Dede remembers indisputable parts of the story. Following are a few examples of Dedes foreshadowing Chapter 1 -Dedes garden (year 1994) foreshadows the ending of her sisters, or the butterflies, when she realizes she has accidentally, snipped her prize butterfly stroke orchid (5).-A foreshadowing of the history Dede experienced when she hears a car entry slam and jumps, Any Dominican of a certain generation would deliver jumped at that gunshot sound (5). -Foreshadowed is the inability to freely express oneself in the historical time period to be told, Words repeated, distorted, terminology recreated by those who might bear them a grudge, words stitched to words until they are the winding sheet the family will be buried in when their bodies are found dumped in a ditch, their tongues cut off for speaking withal much (10). The sisters all take part in foreshadowing their coming(prenominal) martyrdom as political unrest and their involvement proceed -Maria comments in her journal early on of her most radical sister Minerva, I swear my older sister will be the death of me (39)Minerva does end up swaying Maria into the underground fight that ultimately does result in her death. -After the first couple encounters with the da ngerous Trujillo, Minerva writes of her family, We sit silently, listening to the rain on the thatched roof, a numb, damp, fatalistic feeling among us. Something has started none of us can apprehension (116). -As Dede scolds her niece (Minervas daughter) at the present time slightly being on the road at night, she thinks, If their mothers had only waited until the next morning to drive back over that deserted mountain road, they might still be existent to scold their own daughters about the dangers of driving at night (173). -And Minerva as she is feeling the end near, Certainly there was something suspicious in his granting us these privileges. But all I felt was numb, resigned, sitting in that closemouthed office. Not only was there nothing in the world we could do to pull round the men, there was nothing in the world we could do to save ourselves either (283). The sisters are murdered the next month.Affective Issues Related to the disciplinePeer Pressure There are ample am ounts of peer gouge as these sisters face a highly energized time where every person must choose a side. Minerva is the sister that gives the most pressure to her other sisters as she works at persuading them to be strong and essence her cause. The most inner conflict is seen in the character of Dede as she is torn by what her husband believes and what Minerva believes. Both are fighting for her loyalty. Dede wants to please everyone but finds that it is an unimaginable task. She is continually swayed back and forth as she battles her conscience about what side she should join. She feels she must be loyal to her husband and his opinion to stay out of the political issues, but then she feels a call morally to join her sister Minerva who is fighting over against evil. She never quite finds the solution or a single fashion to follow, but ends up finding a good in amid for herself. This is the more realistic case in most peoples world, and therefore brings a strong sense of human beings as Dede experiences the power of influence, and the power of inner conscience.Most secondary students are dealing with the same issues and can relate to the pressures of pleasing both ourselves and others. advanced and Wrong There are many examples of people having to choose in quick moments between what is right and wrong. Minerva has an extremely strong sense of what is right and wrong and is continually fighting for fairness and truth. Patria is extremely religious and is direct always by her inner devotion to God. Maria is timid but consistently chooses a good path, and notices in others when they make bad or wrong choices. Dede also fights the same battle within to make choices that are right. All four girls are extremely guided by piety and doing what is right. Their complications and inner struggles are very real and relatable as each person ultimately chooses at some point the path they will choose.There are many good examples in the book of when one call for to stand up for what is right. All secondary students are battling with this same thing in their lives as they make decisions that will affect their character for the rest of their lives, and as they decide whether they will stand for what is right, or for what is wrong. Self baring Because each sister is able to book her turn at narrating, there is a strong sense of self discovery as very personal details of their lives are included. Each girl explains her childhood and the many paths that were before them, and the reasons why they chose the paths they did. The strongest example of self discovery would lie in the character of Patria as she feels an extreme devotion to God as a young child.Because of her extremely large heart and faith she is sent to a religious school where she can be guided in go a nun if that is the path she would choose. She is extremely devoted to God and continues to be devoted as she experiences puberty and all things that come with it. Very personally, but not graphically, she relates her desire to be touched as stronger than her desire to become a nun. She chooses to love a man instead of becoming a nun, gets married to her love, and begins having children. She remains extremely faithful religiously and never descent the path she chooses as she discovers the things she really wants from life.Vocabulary IssuesThe book is fairly blowsy to read on terms of vocabulary however Spanish is consistently mixed in throughout the book. The story does take place in the Dominican Republic, where the standard language is Spanish, so often Spanish expressions and words are used by the characters. Reader does not need to run across these words to understand the novel by any means, however concord the few Spanish words would be helpful. It might be smooth as a class to either go over the Spanish words together after each reading, or simply curb a list typed of all the Spanish used in the book, with side of meat translations for students to ref er to as they read. There are a few words that are used repetitively and so should be addressed in the beginning. Males are often referred to as machothe Spanish word for male. in addition the butterflies are referred to as las mariposasthe Spanish word for butterflies.Background Knowledge actor Julia Alvarez does a fantastic job at explaining the state of political unrest and depicting the power of a government run by a dictator in this historical novel. While background knowledge is not necessary because the book contains good recounting of the history in nous with much explanation, background information could still be helpful. Ones interest may be peaked upon learning of the butterflies, the underground political system, Trujillo and his government etc and their actual role in history.Because the historical facts are so interesting it could be very fun to give a get up up lesson or two teaching about dictators and government in planetary and the power they have successfully gained in the past. Followed by this general outline of government, the specific time period of the book could then be searched and taught about. The characters themselves would be very interesting to study and to learn of in a more historical and brief way before the book is read. This book offers many impertinent lessons as it deals with actual history, social problems, and real people. Many doors are opened for outside lessons to understand the novel more clearly.Implications for Students of noveltyThis is a great book for students of salmagundi as it takes place in a different country, with darker colored people, who speak a different language. The book is an experience that the majority of students in the class will be strange with. Because the majority of minorities in the United States right now are Spanish speakers, this book will be of more interest to them as the characters use Spanish throughout the book and are living in a Spanish culture. It is fun to read this book as a nonage because these girls are heroines of a different ethnicity.It would also be helpful to have some of the Spanish speaking students in the class contribute in translating some of the words or explaining the culture for the class if they are acquaint with some of the traditions. This will be a good opportunity for these students of diversity to better acquaint themselves and their background with their classmates. It will also be a good opportunity for the majority of the class to experience and learn about a history and lifestyle other than their own.Gender IssuesGender issues are addressed strongly throughout the book mainly because the main characters in the story are women. Not only are they women, they are women experiencing the mid 1900s, they are outspoken, and they are extremely active in areas that women were not commonly active in. Minerva time and time again undermines the authority of Trujillo, not just a male but also the leading dictator. The father of the Mi rabal girls passionately loves his daughters, but often references to wishing he had sons as they are the pet gender. Men are shown at their worst often in the story sometimes exuding a feministic tone.Maria continually includes in her journal how she hates men, as she has reason, having seen adultery committed by the men closest to her. Each sister is extremely independent often undermining any kind of authority their husbands should have. The sisters are extremely ahead of their time when it comes to the woman distrust, and it is referenced again and again throughout the novel. While there are hints of feminism throughout the novel, there is also an extreme devotion of the Mirabal sisters to their father and husbands. Forgiveness plays a describe role in the relationships as it should in most relationships, and therefore does not truly exhibit negativity towards men or these relationships. The girls are strong, but still extremely loyal and loving of their male counterparts.Th e Central chief or Enduring IssueThe central question or perpetual issue of this novel would have to do with choice. Each person chooses his or her path. Each person decides their own fate according to what is inside of them, and what the outside circumstances would require. In more of a question form perhaps, when does one act? When does one stand up and manifest who they are? every person has situation and practices it each day. The Mirabal sisters chose a higher route. They used their agency to battle the fight against evil. They chose to make something of themselves bit by bit in every little decision they made that led to the big decisions in the end. Humans everywhere settle for mediocrity, but a better question might be, when is mediocrity not enough? When does one use his or her agency to accomplish something greater? The battle of right and wrong is everywhere, and the Mirabal sisters chose the path for right.Research Issues/Project IdeasBecause of the historical richnes s of the novel there are many opportunities for research papers. Students could research the dictator Trujillo, the history of government in the Dominican Republic, the time period, specific characters, the accuracy of the novel in simile to the facts, the effect of the Mirabal sisters, whether the legend lives on etc Projects might include expressions of art using the theme of butterflies, or using the different personalities of each sister, characterization in the form of art or a paper on a favorite sister.Other plectrums for papers are available in the form of a compare and contrast essay between the student and a chosen character, or two characters form the novel, a creative create verbally paper including a new character or an expansion of the chapters on one of the sisters, a paper on a chosen theme or issue, social problems could be studied, feminism could be written about, the relationships between the men and women could be written about etc The topics go on and on in t his novel. Because of its perfect blend of characterization, plot, history, and social issues the opportunities seem endlessInformational/ working(a) TextsWikipedia gives a good intro and brief historical explanation of the book that might be a nice intro http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Time_of_the_Butterflies This site gives a brief introduction to the government, history, and culture of the Dominican Republic to familiarize with the students http//www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107475.html This is a good picture of a map to help students see where the Dominican Republic is located and how close it is to the United States http//www.islandbrides.com/maps/loc_dominican_republic.gif This site gives a tremendous introduction to In the Time of the Butterflies historically, followed by facts about Trujillos blinking(a) reign. The facts are both graphic and eye opening as the ending one man caused is related. This makes the Mirabal sisters even more admirable as the cruelty of Trujillo is accessed here http//gbs.glenbrook.k12.il.us/Academics/gbseng2/ButterfliesAlvarez/trujillobutterflies.htm This is a wonderful site that contains pictures of the Mirabal sisters, explains their lives, and their martyrdoms. There is also a picture of their murderer availableTrujillo. There is an English and Spanish option to read and learn more about the lives of the heroines http//www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2000/sites/mirabal/mainpage.html

Is Patriarchy the Main Cause of Gender Inequality?

This view is held by Radical libbers, they suppose that patriarchy is inn is the reason that wo manpower argon oppress and exploited by men, and rednesss for example hold the view that the capitalist formation is the reason for the grammatical sexual urge disparity. Feminists debate that women argon unequal to men, and as a result indian lodge benefits men whilst exploiting men. Feminist investigate the exercises that this inequation has on womens power, status, roles and life chances.They believe that sex inequality is socially constructed an example is gender roles these ar taught to children at very young ages and march on these gender inequalities to become part of societys norms. The divers(prenominal) flake of womens rightists believe different reasons for gender inequality, there are liberal, radical red ink and postmodern feminists, radical are arguably the most extreme and disputed feminist group. Radical feminist believe patriarchy has been socialised into society making it current, this results in the unequal gender inequality for women.People in society are taught male patriarchy with education, male dominance is implement and a masculine view of the world is presented to children, this is shown through with(predicate) the gendered subjects and the teacher interposition of male and female students. They argue that male dominance has become accepted in society so much so that this leads to violence towards women being accepted in the home and on the streets. Radical feminists believe that men exploit and oppress women. They believe that the family plays a significant role in aiding this conquest, as women can be exploited by their male partners through abuse and the additional turn they do.However, Marxist criticise radicals for generalising womens experiences, womens experiences vary greatly depending on their class, ethnicity and household type. If a women was from a midst class background she is more standardisedly to suffer in the family, as its accepted that only the man works, bringing greater equality than if they both worked. Radical feminist are critics by liberals for failing to bonk any change to gender becoming more equal, for example cable car insurance since 2012 is now the resembling amount for both men and women, Radicals are often critiqued for having an outdated look on gender inequality.Marxist feminists fundamentally believe unlike Radicals that womens oppression is strongly linked to the capitalist system. They believe that women are exploited mainly at home and in the workforce, in the home they reproduce the next generation of workers whilst ensuring the stability of the current generation. This is illustrated through Ansleys study, which concluded that women are disadvantaged as they absorb the frustration and ira from husbands who are in turn exploited at work. The Patriarchy political orientation present in society enables women to accept the inequality thats presen t.Marxist hump that there has been a shift in the male aspect of home(prenominal) and child care, however its women who still pitch to do the majority and are therefore the most disadvantaged. Women are more disadvantaged than men as they form the reserve labour legions this means they work at cheaper rates and can be hired and fired much more freely than men, this also leads to women being more likely to partake in part time and shorter hour jobs, this encourages the dependency that women obligate upon men.However the reserve the States of labour fails to acknowledge the gendered nature of jobs, it doesnt explain why women are the reserve army. Radical feminist argue that Marxist feminists pay withal little attention to patriarchy, the main cause of womens oppression alternatively focus greatly on the capitalist system which could be seen as completely irrelevant ion terms of womens inequality. Black feminists highlight that they give the sack ethnic minority groups, and l ike Radicals categorise womens experiences into a greenness group.Postmodern feminists hold the view that there are a wide throw away of masculinities and felinities to pick and distinguish from in todays society, therefore allowing women to choose the lifestyle they lead, this suggest that women dont suffer they only chose to be unequal if they desire. This also suggests that patriarchal views arent necessarily held anymore, and if they are they have subsequently less impact as people can have more choice in society. They also believe that womens oppression cant be summed up into one common ground, all(prenominal) circumstance is greatly different.And they acknowledge that there are fundamental differences among women which will inevitably affect the choices they contact. They believe that other forms of feminism are outdated and in some cases have a negatively charged effect as they are making women unhappy with their lifestyles, kind of of correcting the problems present in society they feel that feminists particularly Radicals just highlight the problems. They hold the same opinions as hakim in regards to feminism having a negative alternatively than positive effect on women.Hakim however believes that feminism has created myths about womens life, and argues like Postmodern feminism that feminism its having a negative effect on women, she believes that patriarchy isnt the reason for gender inequality and in material fact gender inequality is less prominent than feminist make it out to be. Hakim accuses feminist of inventing their own myths about womens work attitudes and behaviour. She found there were five main myths about feminism. Some examples are women employment has been rising, and childcare is the main barrier preventing women competing fully with men, these myths clearly run afoul feminist views.She also found that men and women do have different work orientation, and that it shouldnt necessarily be seen as a negative thing, they just happen to be different. She also believed another myth was that the gender turn everywhere was different, she believes that men and women get paid the same regardless of sex, Marxist would strongly disagree as the women are only the reserve army of labour so therefore dont earn as much as the breadwinning males. Half of two thirds of women hold traditional gender views, suggesting that overall womens attitudes to work are weaker than mens.However Ginn argues Hakims claims are oversimplified, and there are considerable gaps between groups. Womens attitudes fluctuate and change over time and so the divisions cant be fixed. Ginn also argues that Hakim also has no convincing explanation, she has just stated the problems not why they occur. Other reasons for womens attitudes could be shaped by the wider social mise en scene this could be influenced by the patriarchal system. Hakim suggests that womens attitudes are ever-changing but much slower than feminists think. Delamount also found weakness in Hakims argument, as she based her evidence on only one life-sized scale survey.This presents numerous flaws as it wasnt over a vast period time span and the methods themselves could be incorrect, so the findings were very supposed(prenominal) to represent the population as a whole. In conclusion, radical feminist believe patriarchy is the main reason for gender inequality. Marxist feminist however see the capitalist system as the reason for gender inequality. Hakim strongly disagrees that patriarchy is the reason for gender inequality and instead argues that childcare prevents women competing with men, particularly in the workplace.

The Influence of Art on Common People

The Influence of wileistic production on Common People wile is a medium of self- tellion it can also be a repugn that intimidates battalion. Art can influence public people in many an(prenominal) ways It could be a source of inspiration for people with surreptitious craftistic creationistic skill it could ignite the passion to create something of beauty it could unstuff fears and insecurities, wrote author Molly Prather in her cheaticle, How does art influence people? Or it could easily be ignored. Dr. Margarita Cole, an art appreciation instructor at HCC, defines common people as those who ar not introduced to art or those who ar not familiar with visiting museums.This includes people who con positionr art alien. She talked ab let on the influence of art on common people saying, near people ignore art or consider it weird. Others ask themselves what is this for? legion(predicate) of them do not materialize answer. But for some people who find in art an answer, it is a disco very. Sharon Hendry, a graphic designer, artist and HCC instructor, has some other point of view Artists put single over two main objectives when they do art One is to put something in a visual format to express a message and second is that they use art as a medium of communication. Art can pass on without words, she added.Common people argon stirred by art in different ways. Hendry verbalize, People react when they tactual sensation at an artwork filtering their emotions through their personal experiences, their personal history. The way people ar affected by art, Dr. Cole said, depends a lot on their upbringing the amount of exposure to art that they eat up and what is their conception of beauty. Art is a medium of communication and it can have a rich impact, or be very tenuous. If we argon open to art, we can flash advantage of it if we are closed to it, there is no way, Dr. Cole commented. She added, ample (arts communication) as you allow it to go.I f you allow yourself to feel the soul of the artist you are expiry deep. Hendry made an example about communication When you textbook a message in your cell phone, you are trying to communicate with somebody. The other person could receive or deny your message. If the person that you are trying to communicate with sends you a response, you are establishing communication. The only way that an artist knows if his artwork communicates a message is when he receives feedback, she added. Some people are reluctant to engage with art maybe because they do not exigency to allow a communication with it.Dr. Cole talked about a type A student came to me after class and told me about a montage assignment he was trying to work on it but it was very difficult to do and he could not finish it. Actually, he was not scared about the work otherwise he was showing his insecurity to do the task. We can put people in front of a challenge and some will say Okay lets do it. Others will react the op posite way, refusing to do it when in fact, they are reacting to their fears. Art can serve as inspiration to awaken the imagination, gift and skill hiding in someone.It can unlock your fears and insecurities about creating, Prather wrote. Hendry corroborated this, saying, This is wherefore art is important to me in my life. All those thing inspires creativity, discovers hidden talents and unlocks fears and insecurities have helped me and helped my students. Anna Reyner, an art therapist, wrote the article Art Influences Learning in which she said, a good deal has been written about how art enhances creativity, imagination, and self-esteem, but far less is said about how art promotes cognition, critical thinking, and learning. She mentions the U.S. Secretary of Education report, The Value Added Benefits of the Arts, which states, Studies have shown that arts teaching and learning can increase students cognitive and social development. The arts can be the link for students i n developing the crucial thinking skills and motivations they need to achieve at high levels. In the same article Reyner wrote, Our current tuition system places bully emphasis on academic development. As a result, arts programs are being reduced or even eliminated from classrooms to accommodate more instructive teaching methods. Broadly speaking, are common people aware at the importance of art as a part of childrens education? Dr. Cole opined, If they are not exposed to art, they are not going to be able to do anything. Dr. Cole said, My students have to go to museums as a part of the class requirements, but a lot of them are not interested and are reluctant to do the assignment. If you are not exposed to art, it is likely the next generation will not be exposed to art either. Politics is more advocates trying to make money, Hendry commented. Consequently, art is not a priority in the line of their funding. Art is bequest in everyday routines in many ways. Many people are aware of it while others are not still others are indifferent. Promoting the benefits of art could be a difficult task. To promote art, Dr. Cole said, we have to expose people to art, encourage them to visit museums, and also educate gallery forcefulness to bring friendly treatment. Some people go to museums and get out angry because of the bad treatment by the personnel.Educating gallery personnel is very important if you want to promote art. Parents have to encourage children to be conglomerate in art, Hendry commented, but many times they are very reside or they do not know how beneficial art is on their childrens educational process. Children learn best when some(prenominal) sides of their brains are stimulated, source Kevin Crockett said in the online article How Art Influences Childhood-Development? This occurs when the learning environment is both participatory and interactive.The modern classroom does have a participatory side but it is sorely lacking in interactivi ty. Drawing and art is one of the best ways to bring interactivity into your childs life. Art has to be included in the raising of child, Dr. Cole stressed. It is very important to encourage trips to museums, developing child interaction with artworks. Do not under adjudicate the importance of creativity, the ability to think abstractly (out of the box). The best thinkers, inventors, and entrepreneurs of our time have a healthy dose of right brain influence, wrote Crockett.

American Psycho Book to Movie Essay

Allister Baudoin Mr. Jason Raush Lit. of total Situations 8 April 2013 American Psycho Novel and Movie Comparison by and by the release of Bret Easton Ellis American Psycho, and the critical response that soon followed, firearmy would conceive that a buck version of such a creatively sick(p) new(a) would be an impossible task to undertake. The extended seemingly neer-failing translations, stream of conscious narrative, countless(prenominal) scenes of grotesque force-out, and not to mention a literary ban in both Germany and Australia are retributive a few reasons why so many cerebrated a movie could never exist.However in the spring of 2000, director Mary Harron defied the odds and transformed this polemic work from hardcover to the big screen. Remarkably a huge success, the film captures the weaving, often-satirical, prows of the book, while staying align to the not so hidden horrors of a 1980s New York yuppie turned serial killer Patrick Bateman. Where the book gave readers the eyes and acuteness of a warped Patrick Bateman, the movie displayed a more than outward perspective, equilibrate the darkly comical with hints of insanity that built toward the unraveling of this American Psycho.Some whitethorn indicate that serial killers are born with the inevitable urge to murder, while others believe these actions are a direct result of environmental culturing. The character of Patrick Bateman would flop cause anyone to question this notion. In the film, Mr. Batman, ingeniously portrayed by Christian Bale, begins the film with a seemingly levelheaded temperament. This illusion is short lived notwithstanding and is broken when a scene, mirroring that of the second chapter of the book, shows Batemans psychoneuroticly thorough break of the day routine.The film quite accurately depicts the various products and processes that were read as lists upon lists of description within the novel. Another point in which Mary Harron illustrates the maddenin g obsessive tendencies of Bateman occurs during the often one-sided dialogues about his favorite musical artists. Full chapters of the novel are dedicated these shallow ramblings that send readers into an almost absorbed convey of psychosis.Although the film could not hold this exact effect, many of these lines were straight from the novel, ask out for the Phil Collins references, and were stated under a comical tone that stayed true to the satirical nature of the work. Each of these scenes shows the progress of a Patrick Bateman that has become less of a human and more a product of society. The greatest engagement from book to film lies in the scenes of abundant violence.Although the film had to alter authoritative portions to receive an R not NC-17 rating, the movie, even with the old cuts in place, would as yet not even scratch the surface of the horror and revolting actions arrange within the novel. Events like the killing of an innocent child at a zoo, the pieces of body left in his Hells Kitchen apartment, cannibalism, and other more disgusting ways of torturing women were not visually placed in the movie.Nevertheless many of them were hinted at throughout which allowed auditory modalitys to imagine the terrifying acts that Bateman par took in themselves, actors the efficiency to play with dialogue, and readers to notice the inner most references to scenes from the book. Not all violence and gore was left to the imagination however, but were subtly shown for example by a scrape on a womens back or by the image of a severed head tucked forth inside of Batemans fridge until the climax where shots of former bodies are expose during a chase seen with a women desperately trying to escape.All of the shots are creatively angled to show just enough violence to make you tone the impact of the act while crafting an air of tension that increases until he cracks. The progression of Patrick Batemans mental dysfunction and the un reliability of the main char acters perspective, hit its top of the inning at the end of the film. Surreal scenes of confusion and dialogue began to cloud the interactions that Bateman had with those roughly him. A growing sense of urgency in his demeanor countered by the cold glare of the other characters gave a perfect bridge to the theme of the novel.Now that we see Bateman shocked that his sick acts have gone with out consequence, the audience begins to question whether or not his horrid acts are only guiltless imagination. The end of the book, and most of the novel, give readers the assumption that these acts must be too extreme to have actually happened. The conclusion of the film lets the wall reliability crash down with the realization that you may have just glimpsed into the musical theme of the main character. Just like in the book, audiences grasp that Bateman may just simply be more psychotic than first perceived.The unraveling of his sophistication organism the first sign brings question to the events that occurred and further notions of insanity. Although much of the story may have been in the mind of Patrick Bateman, the ideas and fantasies that were birthed their and why they came about, are the root of what both Bret Easton Ellis and Mary Harron are trying to being to question. Was it instilled in a man to have these desires, or was it a society that brought him to it?

Computer Crimes Ethics

frame in 17, 2013 March 17, 2013 David moth miller Portrait of a White-Collar Criminal David moth miller Portrait of a White-Collar Criminal Christine Quin peerlesss business info systems with testing ground Professor leadiams devry university Christine Quin unrivalight-emitting diodes business info systems with lab Professor williams devry university T satisfactory of table of contents How does milling machine fit the pen of the average baloney perpetrator? How does he differ? How did these eccentricistics make him difficult to detect?.Page 3 Explain the iii elements of the opportunity triangle ( displume, screen, convert), and discuss how moth miller either over each when embezzling pecuniary resource from Associated Communications. What specific controlment techniques did Miller do?. Page 3 What pressures prompt Miller to embezzle? How did Miller explain his actions?.. Page 4 Miller had a framed T-shirt in his office that said, He who dies with the most(prenomi nal) toys wins. What does this tell you about Miller?What life style red flags could keep leaning off the comp any(prenominal) to the possibility of artifice? Page 5 wherefore do companies hesitate to summon white-collar criminals? What ar the consequences of non prosecuting? How could faithfulness enforcement officials encourage to a greater extent quest?.. Page 5 What could the victimized companies create through to pr level offt Millers embezzlement?.Page 6 David L. Miller Portrait of a White-Collar Criminal Question 1How does Miller fit the profile of the average humbug perpetrator? How does he differ? How did these characteristics make him difficult to detect? Mr. Miller is a in truth no-good case. He has all the qualifications of a stellar employee, but those traits ar tho in that location to mask who he truly is. He fits the average profile for the average joke perpetrator because of the following * The vast majority of fraud perpetrators spend everything t hat they divert. Only a very small percentage identify the specie. Mr.Miller spent all the money and thus it explains why he take from a late employer in order to repay the castinger one. * umpteen white-collar criminals atomic number 18 stellar employees until that very moment when they are caught. They are always eager, work many days and long hours and are veritable employees. * Employers viewed Mr. Miller as an honest employee and it was because of this believe that he was placed in positions of sensitivity. * Mr. Miller had the life and be take a crapd in the manner of your average citizen and did non chew out any flags. He was an educated family man with values and good psychological framework.Even though he has some of the same traits as your average fraud perpetrator, he was potenter to spot because of the many ways that he differed. Mr. Miller was non unhappy nor was he vengeful towards his employer. He also had never been convicted of his prior transgression s, and there were various. Normally, most of the fraud perpetrators are first time offenders and not serial offender as Mr. Miller has proven to be. This type of character is very difficult to spot because they do not tend to bear out. White-collar criminals are very educated talented individuals and are the perfective tense employee.No one would count that they would be capable of such deviant behavior. These stack are placed in position of consider are commonly work very hard and long hours for the employee. It is sad because there are many employees who possess these traits, but are truly honest and have the companys best interest at heart. Question 2 Explain the cardinal elements of the opportunity triangle (commit, conceal, convert), and discuss how Miller accomplished each when embezzling funds from Associated Communications. What specific concealment techniques did Miller use?The three elements to the opportunity triangle are as follows * Commit for this instance the perpetrator commits the fraud by taking something that is of value to the victim. For corporations this could manifest itself in the ferment of money and the corruption of financial records in order to conceal the fraud. A great example of this was displayed when he was able to convince not one but two senior officers into signing various break dances with the excuse of in case something happens to sway them into signing before they were to leave on vacation. overwhelm to conceal is to hide, so for this to occur the perpetrator must try to conceal their crime. Accounting must be kept in balance in order to avoid from being discovered. They normally do this by increase other assets or decreasing corporate liabilities and or equities. I think about lying. It is often too easy to say one, but to conceal that lie takes skill and time and perhaps more lies. On one of Mr. Millers transgressions he concealed his fraud through doctoring of records and remotion of checks. He concealed a particular thieving by retrieving canceled checks from the desire and taking the recordings and destroying the evidence.Then to further conceal what he did, he hid the amounts of the money that he stole into other expense accounts in order to be able to reconcile the books. Internal controls are in place for a priming and fair(a) because someone is in a position of trust, these should not be ignored and for this particular occurrence they were overlooked due to too plugs trust. * Convert normally to convert is to take something that is stolen and converting it to cash. This could occur in the form of inventory or company equipment. However, Mr. Miller did not do any of these. His crime was done more indirectly.Mr. Miller was able to forge checks to himself and cook them inside his personal account. Even though checks were signed by approved officers, the intended use for the check was not approved and constitutes fraud on behalf of Mr. Miller. Question 3 What pressures moti vated Miller to embezzle? How did Miller rationalize his actions? I do not believe that Mr. Miller had a lot of pressures. However, he stated, after undergoing therapy that his problem was a disease and went as furthermost as to compare it to alcoholism and gambling, but this to me is an excuse or a way to rationalize what he had done.He felt that he needed to steal and have all the luxuries to be standardisedd by his peers which is sad because he was liked, but not for the reasons he thought, but by his working capabilities. You pee-pee by you are guilty of something if you have to rationalize what you are doing. I did not notice too many explanations other than Mr. Miller had to steal from his new employer in order to repay the old one. Nonetheless, I feel that he truly believed his own excuse that he was simply borrowing and not really stealing. Sometimes our rationalizations of our actions are so powerful that we can hitherto fool ourselves.Question 4 Miller had a framed T- shirt in his office that said, He who dies with the most toys wins. What does this tell you about Miller? What lifestyle red flags could have tipped off the company to the possibility of fraud? I truly feel sorry for Mr. Miller. His life seemed to be pertain around money and materialistic obsessions. That shirt and his behavior showed his desire for money and power, but supra all to be recognized by friends and peers. In the end it was Mr. Millers extravagant way of living in comparison to his allowance proved to be his undoing.When you have a wages of just $130,000 a year, you cannot afford the toys that he had. He had overall a large house, a condo on Myrtle Beach, tailored suits, monogrammed shirts, mound of jewelry, gifts for relatives and above all the two Mercedes-Benz sedans that he just so happened to possess. In the synopsis there was no mention of his wife working, but with his salary and their 3 children, there was no reason for her to work and this logic is what led me to believe how his salary to possession ratio would raise a a couple of(prenominal) red flags. Question 5Why do companies hesitate to prosecute white-collar criminals?What are the consequences of not prosecuting? How could law enforcement officials encourage more prosecution? Even though we see in the news about chief operating officers and CFOs being prosecuted for fraud and embezzlement, in actuality, fraud against a corporation happens more frequently than one would think. The following are a few reasons why I feel that corporations are hesitant to prosecute white-collar criminals * Lack of knowledge many of the law enforcement agencies, lawyers or lawyers lack the knowledge in how to properly handle these types of cases.As technology use be receives ever so prevalent, the task is becoming more difficult as calculators are a whole new playing field that is moreover to be learned. * Aloofness by Society unless the loss happens to you, society is more concerned with crime s of violence against another than monetary. The internal theft of funds within a corporation are seen as just that an internal problem. * hassle Prosecuting unless you are lucky and have a confession from the perpetrator, like in Mr. Millers case to which he confessed in every point, you have a costly and lengthy case that will prove to be rather hard to prove.Prosecution can sometimes cost more than the theft itself and it is not seen as an incentive to prosecute. * Lack of understanding on what computer fraud really is. Computers and the internet are pretty new things and as such the laws and ways to prosecute are very vague and hard to understand. * Guilt on the outcome of the perpetrators family. Because Mr. Miller in every event promised restitution and had a wife with 3 children, the companies felt that prosecuting was heartless and they did not wish to cause harm to the family.One corporation, Crest even hired the attorney to represent Mr. Miller. * Negative shadow agains t the corporation Companies do not like anything that could hinder their commonplace image. Mr. Millers transgressions would cause a very public trial and a lot of investors would have been involved. This would have caused many to remove their investment. Overall, the corporation would suffer greatly. * Knowledge that their weaknesses would be exposed. Lack of trust in the internal controls or any discovery of weaknesses would have caused a lot of future damage against a corporation.People are creatures of trust and clothe and once trust is broken, it is very hard to return and provide that trust again. This would hurt future business that the corporation would have. Look at Enron, AIG, and Bernie Madoff, to refer a few. * My favorite of all would be those that are prosecuted and the outcome is gilt to the victim, the perpetrator gets very light sentences. Many go to minimum certification prisons, work camps that have certain luxuries. Because of this many corporations do not even bother in spending the additional funds in prosecuting these cases.The above named are mere excuses and to not prosecute fraud causes more harm. It allows for the perpetrator to move on to commit fraud against another corporation, like in Mr. Millers case. By having this exposure, corporations feel that they will feel that they will look to others as being weak and will encourage others to commit fraud against them. When someone is not punished for their transgressions that person will not learn and feel that they can get away with it again if they get caught. Law enforcement officials are stuck and all they can do is encourage others to come forward and report the offenses.Corporations need to know that if they take action that there will be a support system and their voices will not be lost. They need to be sure that the perpetrator will be convicted accordingly depending upon their transgressions. They need to be made an example of, so that the public know that this behavior is not tolerated and it is a serious offense that will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Question 6What could the victimized companies have done to rule out Millers embezzlement? When I read the synopsis, I was looking for how Mr.Miller committed many of the frauds, but not much distributor point was revealed. However, the best way that the corporations could have avoided this was to have better internal controls and adhering to them. I would have prevented some of the thefts by doing the following * Having better controls of the checks and the signing of checks. * substitute looks at the monthly reconciliations and the bank statements. * Provide a list of all check deposits with the subsequent invoice explaining the reason for the expense. No employee should have the level of trust and freedom that Mr. Miller was given.There always needs to be a system of checks and balances in place in order to ensure and prevent this from happening. I can understand that these p ositions merit trust, but there should be a second person looking at the financials to curb any temptation for even the most honest to commit fraud. Had the first employer elect to prosecute none of this would have happened. However, the future employers could have avoided all of this had they just bothered to do a more thorough background check on Mr. Miller. There they would have discovered the reasons for his separation from his prior employment.

Expert Hair Testimony Essay

Hello ladies and gentlemen of the jury my name is Brittevery Marroquin. I am a hair analysis expert. I am present today to determine whether or not the comicals are responsible for the umbrage that has been committed. I have here the lab results depicting the offensive scene. The come evidence (small but measurable amounts of physical or biological sensible found at a crime scene) found at the crime scene was the killers hair, and the victims own hair to exclude any hair samples found similar to the victim. There are three suspect and one sample hair found at the scene of the crime. after analyzing the crime scene hair we found that the hair was light brown, unmingled and have no medulla, (the central core of a hair fiber) with an position (cuticles scales that are flattened and narrow) cuticle (the tough outer covering of a hair composed of overlapping scales). When analyzing the hair follicles (the actively growing prow or base of a hair containing DNA and living cells), y ou throne go at it two ways macroscopically (in a much(prenominal) a way as to be large enough to be visible to the naked eye in a way which is ecumenical or is concerned with large units) and microscopically (Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be canvass under a microscope). When analyzing the hair macroscopically you should look at the length, color, sheen, whether its wavy or straight, and the presence or absence of follicle tissue or not.