First Solar Turns Sunshine into Profits Case Study

source Solar Turns Sunshine into scratch - Case Study ExampleKey Marketing Issues As a modern entrant to about of Europes and North Americas markets, First Solar has some crucial merchandise issues to consider. Three of these key market issues can be identified as Identification of marketing wads that would be of greatest advantage to the entry that the company is seeking to undertake Identification of key market competitors and how to expatiate long term competitive advantages over these competitors How to integrate the advantages of technology into the marketing strategy of the company so as to harbour the full benefit of the paradigm shift world created with advanced technology. 1 Which marketing environment forces be likely to have the greatest impact on First Solar? The generalized marketing environmental forces that are likely to affect the competition that First Solar brings on mesa has to do with external forces that generally inform the decision making cycle of consumers (Marshall, 2008). By this, reference is being made to such factors or forces as economic situation and environmental impacts. First, it would be noted that First solar is operating in a globalised market that is fast becoming concerned with the need to tiptop market product and service that are highly affordable. This is because of the increasing hardship that the global economy take care to be recording. Experts believe that there continues to be economic hardships among most consumers of energy products as an auxiliary ready of the global economic crunch that was experienced some few years back (The Gleaner, 2008). Because of this, consumers and clients of various products and go are always looking for value for money. With this situation in mind, there is certainly going to be an environmental phenomenon whereby buyers are going to opt for First Solars line of product as they are comparatively cheaper to existing sources of energy such as non-renewable energy. Agai n, there is an environmental impact that is by and large going to impact on First Solar in a positive way. 2 What types of organizations are most likely to exert the strongest competitive forces on First Solar? Energy companies that introduce products that have alternative resource cutting material are likely to face strong competitive force from existing competitors who use the alternative resource raw materials (Baxter, 2005). There is therefore going to be the bane of substitute products or services. In the case of First Solar, it would be realized that their major resource raw material is the use of solar energy. Meanwhile, there are alternative sources of resource raw materials in the renewable energy production industry. Dominant among these resource raw materials is the use of wind energy. Therefore, there is going to be a competitive force from existing competitors who are into the production of wind based renewable energy. Secondly, new entrants have always acted as major competitive forces to existing competitive who might have had long history of doing business such as First Solar (Marshall, 2008). This is because new entrants have a procedure of factors that pull consumers to them. For instance consumers who are on existing companies would like to compare service and product graphic symbol and so may opt for new entrants for a while. Again, new entrants come in with new sources of outstanding and so often have an economic advantage (Brown, Steven and. Sauder, 2008).

Hyperthyroidism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hyperthyroidism - Research Paper Exampleany take a leaks which let in over activity of the thyroid gland as in Graves disease or due to neoplasias of the thyroid gland which include adenomas and carcinomas. It send word also occur due to an adenoma in the previous pituitary which leads to plusd secretion of TSH which results in overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hence change magnitude forgive of the thyroid endocrine. Inflammation of the thyroid gland can also result in hyperthyroidism.Thyroid hormone is essential for the carrying out of normal body processes and it is a hormone which is important for the regulation of metabolism. But an increase in the hormone due to the disease can have many adverse effects. The basal metabolous rate of the body can increase 60 to 100 percent more than normal and this can account for the increased sweating and decreased tolerance to heat. The thyroid hormone stimulates the central nervous establishment but increased quantities can lea d to psychological issues and nervousness. The muscles become weak because of the increased catabolism of proteins. The increased quantities lead to an increase in the GIT motility leading to diarrhea and the increased metabolism is the cause of weight loss which may be of varying degrees. The patient experiences. The cardiac system is also affect and increased heart rate and output is noted. The eyeball is protruded and the skin feels hot.Hyperthyroidism is a pathological physique which not only affects the thyroid gland itself but it disrupts major physiological processed of the body. Medical and running(a) intervention can help a person overcome most of the symptoms associated with the

In Depth Analysis of HorizontalDrilling in Old Conventional Pools Research Paper

In Depth Analysis of planeboring in Old Conventional Pools - look into Paper ExampleCase studies and recommendations are included. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION.........p. 1. Background...........p. 2. social occasion......p. 3. Scope.........p. 2.0 HORIZONTAL DRILLING IN WESTERN CANADA TECHNOLOGIES...p. 2.1 Horizontal bore..p. 2.2 History of Horizontal Drilling....p. 2.3 Advantages of Horizontal Drilling..p. 2.4 Stimulation methods used in Horizontal Drilling completion....p. 2.4.1 hydraulic Fracturing........p 2.4.2 Multi-Stage Fracturing... p. 2.4.3 Hydraulic Fracture Fluids...p. 3.0 HORIZONTAL DRILLING IN OLD CONVENTIONAL POOLS.....p. 3.1 Benefit of using horizontal oil product in conventional wells.....p. ... ....................P. 4.1Current Operational Data from the oil industry..P 4.2 Advantages of using horizontal drilling in old conventional pool.P. 4.2.1 Economical Advantage.....P. 2.2. Environmental Advantage..P. 4.3 Limitations of using Horizontal drillin g old conventional pool....p. 5.0 ACASE STUDY OF ORIZONATL DRILLING IN OLD OIL RESERVOIRSP. 1. Pembina genus Cardium..p. 2. Bakken..p. 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS.p. 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The ongoing march of technological progress pursuant to both the production and discovery of natural oil reserves is a persistent development of change magnitude relevance in our interconnected world. Specifically, a necessary avenue of development are the challenges and applications pursuant to horizontal drilling technology, which is increasing in utility as technology advances, sparking great interest worldwide in recent decades. This investigation is an exploration in a technical sense of the applications of horizontal drilling practices pertaining to specific types of oil deposits, whatever such as oil shales may have been neglected previously due to a cost-benefit compendium between the difficulty of their extraction and the price at which oil could be sold. Ove r time, this balance changes. Prospects for cash advance in the oil industry, and relevant applications for advancements in pre-existing techniques are also

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business plan - Essay faceThe critical success factors in the business include high case nutritious burgers that are every last(predicate) natural and organic, reliability in service delivery, high quality gross sales staff, and strategizing an effective strong dishonor building that is associated with high quality, nutritious and uniquely flavoured burgers. The funding required to kick- climb up the business is ?658,000. With favourable performance, the projected sales will be ?950,000, ?1050000, and ?1160000 in the tercet consecutive years. Profit before taxation will be ?330,000, ?413,700, ?647,500 for the three consecutive years respectively. Background Healthy Bite Burger restaurant is a new start up business founded by Names who came up with the idea for a unique organic burger restaurant for their cognize and passion of healthy eating and the increasing trend towards health awareness. They wanted to provide a diverge of healthy organic burgers that are not only sati sfying but also healthy, adding value to the customers. The three founders pride in their professional experience within the food industry. One of the founders has five years culinary experience and skills within a health oriented restaurant business, an otherwise has four years sales and marketing experience with the a grocery store, while the other one has extensive five years experience in website development, search engine optimisation skills, and online marketing. With their love for burgers, and their passion for healthy lifestyles, the three partners highly-developed the idea for a healthy burger restaurant. Healthy Bite burger Restaurant will therefore be a restaurant mainly focused on providing unique healthy organic burger to the widening health informed(p) people. This unique burger will be a nutritious all natural organic burger targeting the health conscious population. The product will mainly be segmented based on flavours that is beef, fish, duck, lamb, vegetables a nd chicken and, all bearing the brand name Healthy Bite Burger. Mission Statement To support healthy living among a wide array of people by providing burgers made from all natural healthy high quality organic products in a manner that is focused on adding value to peoples lifestyles ken Statement To be the leading provider of all natural nutritious organic burgers in Oxford role Values and Principles of the business The business is founded on four core values and principles Integrity in all business dealings, service to customers and their health, respect for individuals and striving for excellence. Earnest and Young projections for the period 2011 to 2020 shows that consumer spending on restaurants would hiking by 12% over the period (Ernest & young, 20113), and consumers would still tend towards healthy all natural foods (Huxley, Land, Lobley, 201137 de Groot, 2012). Most Burgers available in the market are based on highly processed sum total products which in most cases ofte n lose big amounts of their nutritional value. While there are other organic burgers in the market due to the commitment of most fast food chains to subscribe to healthier foods (Paddock, 2008), Healthy Bite Burger Restaurant differentiates itself in that it not only provides information on nutritional content within its menu, but focus on providing a unique burger

Best Places to Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best Places to Work - Essay ExampleThe success of Starbucks can be largely attributed to its high regard to its employees which it treats as partner. The specialty coffee retailer is now recognized as champion of the best places to work for because of its organizational structure, the relationship between its employees, its unique values, and its employment of modern military personnel pick controlment techniques.It should be noted that the business organization efficiently uses its human resource in prescribe to enhance its image and maximize its profitability. In its business operation, it is irrefutable that the company has strategically aligned its workforce in order to achieve its specific goals and objectives. This includes designing an organizational structure which highlights the revolution in human resource management.The primary governing body at Starbucks is comprised of the Office of the Chairman and the Board of Directors which receives substantial commentary from other senior level executives including senior vice president of human resources (Tripp et al 2005). The mid-level managers, who oversee and manage the day to day affairs of each specialty retail shop is given enough caution and power for decision making.

The Penny Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Penny Press - Essay ExampleThe centime press had much(prenominal) more to offer readers then traditional modspapers. The penny press, which became almost popular overnight, allowed writers to give the public a small breakdown of current events. This was important since readers no longer had to wait for other papers to circulate. Readers lacking to be updated on the latest and greatest events could purchase a subscription or pick up a paper from a local news stand. When consumers purchased the paper, they knew that the paper would contain information that was current and of interest.Not everyone took a liking to The Penny Press. Many were not interested in the topics presented and thought that they appealed to a lower partitioning of individuals. (Friedman 2005) These people preferred the traditional style newspaper since it contained political info as well as the weeks most important headlines.The late 1800s was a time that ho exercised many new events. These new events were so popular and interesting to readers that they fueled the success of The Penny Press. The public quickly became use to the fact that they could read new and updated topics everyday for only one penny. The effect of the popularity of The Penny Press, left penny press writers with the need to constantly seek out new stories.These new stories were not always wanton to find and The Penny Press opened up the doors and gave a new definition to the meaning journalism. journalism quickly began to grow as the need for new stories became such a high demand. Consequences that arose from the increase in journalism as a result of The Penny Press are seen even in at presents society. These consequences include a decrease in the publics privacy, an increase in paparazzi, and an change magnitude want by the public to have information. The pressure this created on journalist made journalist empty for information and willing to do what was necessary to get the most popular and sought after stor y.It is unmistakable that the

Good Night, Good Luck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

good Night, Good Luck - Essay ExampleThe movie covers the conflict between Murrow and McCarthy and the Sub committee on investigation. Murrow considers the character of McCarthy as careless and criticizes his actions since he exploits the public (Nitzsche, 2007). The main aim of Murrow is to enlighten the public, and he full treatment tirelessly with his staff in the CBS newsroom. The staff is very supportive and they back his up this delicate mission. They heighten to the sponsorships pressures, and they unveil the lies and maintenance mongering techniques that McCarthy uses. A public argument develops when the senator accuses the Anchor of being a communist. A fear filled atmosphere is filled in the newsroom, but the crew carries on with their tenacity on the issue. The media field of operations decides to show the real character of McCarthy by airing a story on a navy blue pilot who was a security jeopardy the USA. The Navy pilot named Milo was a security risk since his fa ther had attended meetings that were related acts of communism. Radulovich was asked to denounce his family but could not and he was charged guilty eventide without there being a trial (Nitzsche, 2007).The story was controversial since it created a bad image for CBS, and it created a risk of advertisers not paying on stands against the senator. The media house however moves the show to a non-popular night to play down the controversy and protect their image. Murray is however not stopped since he has to prove his accusations o the senator. He had an topic that the Air force was wrong in the way they imprisoned Radulovich an act that had not been brought to the public. Murrow was determined to expose the senators secretive and atheistic nature. McCarthy, on the other hand, was determined to stamp out communism.McCarthy accuses innocent pile of being traitors without providing any evidence. The movie documents cases of Milo and Lee

Student must present and analyze this data and based on the analysis Essay

Student must present and analyze this data and based on the analysis students must derive requirements for the design of a simple decision support system to hel - taste Example2002, p.237). The hard part of selecting what best fits you is still present as below.From the above analysis, it is evident that computer software is good in saving time and cost effective. In restaurant, investing in software is a priority due to the monies they are willing to use. According to Barnes (2004), nowadays the choice of the software determines what you will be able to accomplish in time.In small scale business ventures, the owners need to be tell on what to use. Further, they should be trained how to use them since from the above two scenarios, they are experiencing difficulties in the operations. Also, during the purchase of the software, they dep adept much on the leadership of specialist, thus for them to be successful, a strategic department specializing in their advice should be set up wh ich will lead them in selecting the software and informing them of the advantages of each.Further, they should be made cognizant of the importance of upgrading the software. According to Cynthia, M. (2006), software update minimizes the effects of data loss and makes the organization fit earnest wise. In this regard, they should be made aware of other services which exist since they appear to be merely using the software which has been in existence since long ago.In addition, they should be made aware that, the heart they invest in software will be returned in terms of profits. Software raging from $four hundred and above should be designed aimed for the small scale business man. One is willing to invest in the correct software, one which will perform as per specifications. The environment one is in also plays nigh part. For example, family members as well as friends have been helping one in deciding and this is mostly if one is in the computing sector. In all the industry envir onments, software is in much demand that with the right specification.Cynthia, M. (2006). Beyond terrorism data collection and responsibility for privacy. VINE, 36 (4), pp.377-394 Online

Huichol Indians Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Huichol Indians - Term Paper ExampleWhen the spaniards invaded this place, the Huichols took refuge in sierra. While near scholars atomic number 18 of the view that Huichols have aboded this place ever since the beginning. The Huichols primarily had five tribes having diverse cultures character reference lat l 1033 . B.Hearths and Diffusions After the invasion of spanish soliders which made Huichol indians to further take up into the depths of the mountains, the Franciscan missionaries came with their agenda of converting the indians to christianity. For this touch on purpose they raised four churches. The motive of these missionaries was lost in vain as the Huichol indians remained true to their ancestrol holiness and the churches built are in ruins. Although it is believed that Huichol indians were divided into five tribes, yet the recent studies tell of only deuce-ace tribes namely the huautuari, the tuapuritari and the tateikitari. CITATION lat l 1033 II. Evaluation of Hab itats. A. Physical Geography Huichol indians are among the primitive cultures and religion. They are settled in and around the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Zacatecas and Durango in western central Mexico. They live in isolation of mountains of Sierra Madre Occidental. CITATION Lat l 1033 The Huichol Homeland CITATION Lat l 1033 B. ... Chapalagana bridge 1995 CITATION Lat l 1033 C. Climate/Natural Hazards Due to the laid-back altitudes, the climate Huichol indians experience is very(prenominal) dry and severe. The high altitude climate is quite cold specially in winters while the lower mesas has moderate tropic weather. The Huichols mostly remain in their ranchos built on a suitable elevation from the ground which keeps them riskless from the extreme temperatures. One of the main problems the Huichols face is the shortage of water on high altitudes. In summers they move to their ranches built at a little higher elevation as the climate around the river gets very hot and humid. D. Flora and Fauna The plants found in the Huichol region are quite diverse.The most fundamental among the flora of this region is the divine cactus. Its customary names are Peyote, Buttons and Mescalito. This small spine-less, crown-shaped cactus grows under bushes and is of a gray-green color. It has hallucinogenic powers and belongs to the family of cactaceae. CITATION Lat l 1033 CITATION Lat l 1033 Another common plant of this sector is Lavendar Pebbles or Graptopetalum amethystinum. This plant grows slowly but steadily. CITATION Lat l 1033 The area is abundant in pine-oak forests. This region has a variety of plants both of mountaineous regions as well as deserts. In the lower parts the subtropical genres include Acacia, Ficus, Agave and Bursera along with many such kinds. CITATION Lat l 1033 The fauna of these regions include the various wildlife species including jaguar, pumas, white-taled deers, white boars, skunks, iguanas and rabbits. Yellow winged Cacique is also a nativ e bird of this area along with Black-Throated Magpie jay. CITATION Lat l 1033 III. existence Characteristics A.

MKT Assignment 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MKT Assignment 01 - Essay ExampleBob Iger has set an example of prototypal-class leadership along with Steve Jobs and Hervey Weinstein. These diversifications involved purchasing Pixar, Miramax and now recently marvel. What makes this deal a major eye-opener is the swap in Disneys outlook as an entertainment studio for young children. Where, achievement of Marvel introduces Disney to a to a greater extent mature commercialise which involves teenagers and adults as well. Analysts see the deal in a very positive come down as both companies have very popular brands and atomic number 18 equally established. It also brings much oddity how Disney plans to bring Marvel characters and mix with Disney characters, or make their presence in Disney theme parks and films.This obligate explains an excellent example of a tactic in in global market entry strategies which is mergers and acquisitions. Although Marvel and Disney belong to similar national boundaries, their global reach make s them indifferent to culture differences and national boundaries. The article first highlights previous trade ventures much(prenominal) as acquiring Pixar animated studios, which brought out a more comfortable output for market of younger children such as, Toy Story and Finding Nemo. Bob Iger then took a major step of acquiring Marvel Entertainment which is also an indirect competitor of Disney. There were ii things that motivate Bob Iger to make a more risky decision. Firstly, Pixar made four releases since acquisition from Disney that grossed $ 2 billion in worldwide ticket sales. Secondly, Marvel made a major success from the movie Iron Man, increasing their market value through popularity. This popularity allowed marvel to sell off at a significant premium market price, a benefit which would not have come without major successes such as Iron Man and X-Men. The article highlights a major example as to how companies assess military rank before striking a major business deal. One of the possible challenges in international marketing of Disney comes from their target market. The attributes of Disneys market is young and below or early teenage compared to Marvel and this may impact with Disneys existing brand image as an entertainment production only for children. Disney may choose to lay down both companies separately, showing no sign of any link between brands of either company, but the acquisition brings immense opportunities. Acquisition of Marvel will allow Disney to reach out to a larger market under their domain without affecting its own brand image. Speculations claim that Disney may also take the fortune of taking characters from both the companies and bring out more creative combinations in their coming movies, which projects enormous kale with as much risk. The article concludes however, this is a win-win approach for both the companies as it not only broadens their opportunities for incoming movies but the benefit of sharing resources for future productions.Global market entry strategies also aid in competing with rival companies, such as in this case, Time Warner. Time Warner however made a major merger with AOL which now makes them the worlds largest media and entertainment conglomerate, owing to its large number of subsidiaries. Two of many AOL Time Warner subsidiaries are Warner Bros. Entertainment and DC comics which are direct competitors of Disney Entertainment and

Media in Elementary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media in Elementary - quiz ExampleThe section of the society and for that matter of the whole world should come forward and pull up the weaker strata. This can be achieved only when the students who argon the leaders and citizens of tomorrow understand the feeling of solidarity. Chapter three accurately points out that even though there are some universities in the United States that offer media literacy programs , they are meager in comparison to countries like Canada , Australia , New Zealand and especially UK where media literacy is far more institutionalized. There should be more programs for teachers so that they can instill in their students the knowledge of media literacy. In the fourth chapter author mentions his sleep with of interviewing the teachers who attended the Project SMARTArt. This project helped the teachers as they implemented their newly acquired skills in their classrooms. However , one of the greatest hurdle in providing media literacy has been inadequate fun ds. Hence , I strongly recommend that the governments should not only stick in media literacy programs in their universities but at school level as well.

Statistical Process Control (SPC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistical Process examine (SPC) - Essay ExampleIn contrast to this, SPC uses statistical techniques to ascertain whether there are any deviations in the wareion pull in that may end with the project being rejected.The concept behind the viability of the SPC is that any product in a production process will have a certain degree of deviation in terms of its properties, which will vary slightly from its design values. SPC manages these deviations and prevents them from getting out of control, by analyzing the variances at heart the process from time to time. For example, by using statistical tools, any person who oversees the functioning of the production line can use them to detect any profound and undesirable changes (which exceed the specified limits). The causes of any such variation could be receivable to a host of factors such as wear and tear due to continued use etc. and as such the technique offers a great chance of correcting the line of work at the source itself the reby ensuring that subsequent products from the production line stay well within the desire limits. In worst cases, this could alert the supervisor so that he/she may stop the production in order for the problem to be rectified.

Take Home Exam For The Class Economics of Race & Gender Essay - 1

Take Home Exam For The class Economics of festinate & Gender - Essay ExampleThis class, Economics of Race and Gender has helped me understand how eventful diversity is to a country and the businesses that operate in that country. Diversity does not only impact the fond structure within an economy but it also impacts the educational structure, economic structure and the legal structure. Race and Gender nurse evolved over the years, previously women and people from ethnic pocketableities did not interact with the general population, they did minor jobs and the women stayed at home. Times have changed now, women get out of their homes more(prenominal) often and ethnic minorities have more legal rights than the general population.The advantages of group presentations are that they are an easier method to help the students understand what is being taught. It allows the students to moderate research on the topic before hand. These presentations encourage discussions in class and st udents can question their spouse students more easily then they can question the professor.The disadvantages are that it is usually only that group which of necessity to present that goes over the topic and conducts research. Other students may become complacent and not take an fire in the class.The three movies presented in class were Freedom Writers, Rossie the Riveter and Crash. Freedom Writers is a movie slightly a teacher who inspires her class to write about their daily lives. The students come from poor backgrounds and have experience much pain in life, they are discouraged and violent, and the teacher asks them to write about their daily lives and things which have happened to them in the past, events which altered their lives. She compiles these diaries into a book and gets them published into a book. These children with the help of their teacher learn almost lesson of life such as to be tolerant.Rossie the Riveter revolves around a woman who worked in the factories at a time when women would hardly leave the house. This

President Bush and President Clinton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

President Bush and President Clinton - Essay Examplear threat from North Korea , blown open the federal budget deficit, presided over economic recession and weakness, overseen an historic gap between corporate profits and worker compensation, and ignored menacing environmental issues such as pollution and global warming. There is no doubt that Bill Clinton was a far superior attraction and far more worthy of the respect, awe and gratitude of Americans.The reputation of the United States is the first area in which the contravention between Bush and Clinton is stark. Under Clinton, the United States respected multilateral agreements, sought consensus among the international community on matters of great import, projected the power of the United States in a non-arrogant manner, and respected human rights. For example, Clinton pursued and successfully attaind treaties that grew and strengthened international trade, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the freq uent Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). He also helped negotiate the Kyoto Protocol against global warming. In addition, he utilized U.S. military power when necessary and within the context of NATO, as was the case in Kosovo. Because of his ready solicitation of and respect for the opinions and influence of other nations, the United States enjoyed a high degree of respect and admiration throughout the world.On the contrary, Bush has led the U.S. to an all-time low in its image abroad. Virtually from the stemma of his presidency, he has pursued an all-out assault on the international progress that took eight years to achieve during the Clinton administration. He immediately backpedaled on security assurances that had been made to North Korea, effectively provoking that country to cartoon nuclear weapons development and causing them to return to caustic anti-American propaganda and posturing. In addition, he pulled out of the Kyoto assign on global warming, effectively leavin g much of the rest of the world high and dry when it comes

The effectiveness of Facebook advertising in Hong Kong Research Proposal - 1

The effectiveness of Facebook advertising in Hong Kong - Research Proposal suitThis essay The effectiveness of Facebook advertising in Hong Kong outlines whether social media marketing is really effective and it provides the required ROI in Hong Kong and explores the true customer perception and customer behaviour about Facebook advertising. Many marketers forget the difference amongst social media marketing and traditional means of marketing leading to massive failure of their social media oppose (Tuten, 2008). Usage of proper interestitials, and superstitials is a must while advertising in social media. Determining whether a pop-up which comes in front of the reading page or a pop-under which hatful be viewed afterwards occlusion the page is to be designed will also make a significant impact on the campaign. Most users tend to simply close the pop-ups without having the patience to read them. But, if they see an interesting page after they have closed the page they were worki ng on, they are tempted to spend a few more minutes viewing it. A major advantage in using Social media sites for advertising is that consumer-generated contents can also influence the sale of a product substantially. As we could see most of the graphical images and humorous comments passed on the Facebook regarding the merits and de-merits of the products are created by consumers themselves. Social media transforms consumers into free advertisers for products. Usually huge companies in developing countries want South Africa spend much on advertising while small companies usually rely on the very creative and cost effective advertising methods.

Researching in Business Management Literature review

Researching in Business Management - Literature review Example meaningful orbiculate expansion helps an fundamental law to maximize its business profit. In addition to this organizations can attain maturation in market share and can develop potential orbicular customer base by dint of global expansion strategy. Multinational organizations implement several(prenominal) antithetic strategies in different operating countries to bump into the market demand of that country. However, these transnational organizations face critical issues associated with business motion in different countries collect to different ethnical background, economic environment and political aspects. The Coca sens social club has been selected for the research purpose. following(a) discussion will help to determine the issues that are faced by Coca Cola Company in different countries. Analysis and Discussion Global business environment is highly competitive as several leading organizations are operatin g within a similar industry. These organizations not only direction on primary market bases, but also used to target rest of the world. It is true that an organization can achieve significant competitive advantages through effective global expansion strategies. High favorableness and high business revenue motivate several leading organizations to expand their business practices in global market place. ... They have to develop effective business strategy in order to get winner in global market place. The multinational organizations generally face following issues in their business operation in different countries. Management Issues Culture of an individual generally varies from a country to another. A multinational organization has to develop different corporate and organizational policies in different countries in order to wield effective business performance. Culture is typically a complex aspect that includes beliefs, art, knowledge, laws, attitude, behaviour, customs and other habits or capabilities acquired by an individual as a member of a particular community or a society. Therefore, it can be stated that work culture cannot be similar in each and each place around the globe. It differs from a person to another due to several cultural differences. Coca Cola is one of the leading multinational soft-drink manufacturing and distributing organization. The organization has significant business operation presences in various global market places. The organization is one of the leading organizations within the industry. Coca Cola faced several issues during globalization and its global expansions. The organization was facing difficulty to develop business and corporate culture in different country due to different cultural background of employees and customers. In addition to this, there were several local anaesthetic organizations in these countries that already had significant brand recognition and market share growth rate. After several difficulties the management of the organization de3cides to market their product in different countries based on the demand and cultural aspect of the customers. Different slogans

Life in the Slums Essay Example for Free

t angiotensin converting enzyme in the Slums EssayLife In The SlumsPlanIntroLife is tough living in the slums, but Im used to it now so its not as hard as it was when we first move here. Especially considering we were looking to come to the urban center for a better intentstyle, and to put one across a better incur for my p atomic number 18nts to adopt a job, and for my siblings and I to go to schooldays. My name is Anikal and Im 13, I get down 3 older brothers, and unmatched younger sister. Para 1 living conditions and hygiene and population meanness Moved to Mumbai 4 long time ago looking for a better life- ended up in slums It is basically a break down where we have sexIts so crowded- 56% of residences have 3 or more people living in a single fashion Its so dirty, it smells (although we argon used to it now)People evacuating their bowls in the mettle of the streets- 5 million residents dont have doorway to toilets We dont have showers we have to commence suba ltern pools to clean impinge on in- theyre generally dirty water It is a tough life to get used to- nothing is lenientWe were playing cricket on a big stretch of concrete and the police came chasing after us- we had to carry out and weave through the slumsPara 2 race and employment opportunities and school and exploitation of children We originally move to the city for the reasons of work and schooling My siblings and I get to go to school twice a calendar week as thats all we fecal matter spread We all have to work to get enough gold for our family to eat, and to go to school It bed be tough labor a lot of the time for short(p) amounts of money We are working towards starting a business selling stuff- we arent sure what yet at that place arent many opportunities in the slums for work, so you have to take anything you can get We thought at that place would be a lot of opportunities in MumbaiThere are in the main city, but real almost in the slumsWe have to go around asking e genuinelyone if theres anything we can do for them to earn a little bit of money We dont get to keep that money for ourselves, we give it to mum and dad, and they use it for all the things we bespeakPara 3 buildings and structures and infrastructure and police and security There are so many buildings in a baseborn area in our slumOver half the population lives on 12% of the landWhen you are walk around there is nevertheless a small gap for temperateness to get through All the buildings are right together and the roofs hang over the footpath- if you can dismantle call it a foot path There are some buildings that are more than one story, but they arent very safe For some people it doesnt matter how unsafe it is, they retributive need somewhere to live The security isnt all that great in the slumsThe police are sort of against us, when ever we go places we arent supposed to theyre straight onto us and pull up stakes chase us for ages With people in the main city, they will politely tell them off, but us, straight into a full chase. Our house is substandardWhen it falls torrentially it sometimes news leakWe have hardly any access to hospitals and medical attentionConclusionLife in the slums is tough. We locomote to the city with the intention of starting fresh, and having more opportunities but we ended up in the slums. Weve been here for tetrad years and its been hard. Im used to it now though. It is very unhygienic and packed. The population density is ridiculous. Its been a hard pass in terms of work and school, we only get a small education, and dont have a job, we just have to try help out with same labor work for some money. There are so many buildings in such a small area, and we dont have any security, and the police are just out to witch us doing the wrong thing. Our house is very small and squishy, but its the life Im now used to, whether I like it or not, its how it is.EssayLife is tough living in the slums, but Im used to it now s o its not as hard as it was when we first locomote here. Especially considering we were looking to come to the city for a better lifestyle, a chance for my parents to get a job, and for my siblings and I to get an education. My name is Anikal, Im 13, I have 3 older brothers, and one younger sister. Im live in the slums of Mumbai.My family and I moved to Mumbai looking for a better lifestyle, but ended up in the slums pretty quickly. It is basically like a tip where we live, its terrible. It is so crowded, people everywhere, and in 56% of the residences there are three or more people living in just one room It is all so dirty, and smells (although we are used to the smell now). People just go to the toilet in the streets, 5 million people dont have access to toilets, and in Dharavi there is one toilet per 1440 people. We dont have access to showers- not many people do, but we have to use the water we have, or find pools of water we can clean off in. Its a tough life to get used to i n the slums, nothing comes easy. We were just playing cricket out the back of the slums on the concrete on someone elses land, but no one was there, we werent affecting anyone, and the police just chased us on motorbikes with sticks and all, and we had to feed in back into the slums, on the roofs onerous to get a focal point. We eventually got away then ran back the other way passed them on the roof, we saw them though the gap in between two houses.We originally moved to the city of Mumbai in search of better work and schooling opportunities. My siblings and I only get to go to school twice a week, and get a small education as thats all we can afford on our very small budget. My whole family has to work as much as we can parcel people out, doing laboring work just to get enough money for the things we need. We are working towards trying to start up our own small business, and bankfully then have a steady income that we can live off. There arent many opportunities in the slums o f Mumbai, so we have to take any work we can get. There are many opportunities if youre in the main part of Mumbai, but unfortunately were in the slums. My siblings and I dont get any pocket money, any money we go out and earn goes straight to our parents so thatthey can buy all the things we need, like food.There are so many buildings and other structures in our small area of the slums. It is packed, over half of the population lives on only 12% of the land. When you are walking around through the slums, there is only a small gap for any sunlight to get through between the roofs of buildings, over the footpaths- if you can even call it a footpath. There are some buildings in our slum that are more than one story, they arent very safe though, but for some people, thats their only option. We dont really have any security in our slums, and the police are just out to catch us, whenever we are doing anything wrong, even the smallest thing that would normally just be a warning for others , they chase us all through our slums trying to catch us. Theyre just constantly out to get us. Our house is very substandard, its just like a little hut, with two rooms that were all squished into. When there is torrential rain it can sometimes get in, but its usually pretty good. We have hardly any access to any sort of medical care, and hospitals, so when we get sick or injured, we just have to hope its not too bad and that we can get through and come out better in time.Life in the slums is tough. We moved to the city with the intention of starting fresh, and having more opportunities but we ended up in the slums. Weve been here for four years and its been hard. Im used to it now though. It is very unhygienic and packed. The population density is ridiculous. Its been a hard run in terms of work and school, we only get a small education, and dont have a job, we just have to try help out with same labor work for some money. There are so many buildings in such a small area, and we d ont have any security, and the police are just out to catch us doing the wrong thing. Our house is very small and squishy, but its the life Im now used to, whether I like it or not, its how it is.BibliographyLiving conditions in the slums. Sites.google. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. .Marotta, Stephen. Slums mumbaiindias jimdo page. Introduction mumbaiindias jimdo page. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Aug. 2013. .Slumdog millionaire. Dir. Danny Boyle. Perf. Jamal Malik. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2009. DVD.hallam, james. Dharavi Wikipedia, the clean-handed encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2013. .

Art Paper Essay Example for Free

Art base EssayThe picture shows a tree almost completely bare of its leaves. Shot vertically from an upwardly perspective, it is set against a clear but dusky sky. The slender reddish-gray tree features a slight elbow-like stomp near the base, suggesting an initial angled development before growing up straight. The main branches forks from around the tree, as the lesser and fine branches appear to swing around and entangle in the crown area. The bark of the grandiloquent trunk itself is rather smooth and the fine branches on top seem dainty and struggling for newly foliage. Beneath, the stump and the visible area below it appear hazy, as these spots obviously form surrounding(prenominal) to the camera lens that took the photograph. The picture juxtaposes the shadowed underside of the tree branches against a dim bluish sky.BibliographyPerspective_Tree.jpg (Picture). index finger of /jpadley/Images/Mindy_Sarah. Gonzaga University. 2006. Retrieved 1 Dec.1. http//barney.gonza ga.edu/jpadley/Images/Mindy_Sarah/ Perspective_Tree.jpg.

Outrigger Case Study Essay Example for Free

Outrigger Case Study Essaythough the hotel and resorts industry has suffered collect to the declining economy over the past several years, Outrigger Hotels and Resorts (Outrigger) has been able to maintain a strong niche market place in how-do-you-do as well as beginning to expand geographicly, establishing a stronger world(prenominal) comportment. though they began as major competitors with companies like Marriott, Hilton, and Starwood, Outrigger has been able to diversify its product portfolio mainly through acquisitions to appeal to a wider customer base. Outrigger required OHANA hotels to attract more budget travelers as well as beginning to run intoer condominiums off the beach front to appeal to regular travelers that vacationed more frequently. In these new markets, Outrigger realizeed from no direct emulation and is able to benefit from a diversified product portfolio. Outrigger has make loveed success in these new markets but has go about many problems due to their entrance into these slightly unalike markets.In spite of Outriggers aggressive geographical and product expansion in new markets, it has preferred to maintain a concentrate management structure. on with their centralized management structure Outrigger has tried to come up centralized trading operations and learning systems. Outriggers operations and IT infrastructure in Hawaii were highly centralized. Outriggers properties in Hawaii all utilized the very(prenominal) Central Reservation Office however all other properties located outside of Hawaii handled their reservations in house, limiting gathering of important customer data and missing out on the opportunity to enjoy significant cross- home traffic. All properties in Hawaii ran on a JD Edwards ERP as the cornerstone of Outriggers clog up office operations while running Stellax, their integrated CRS/premenstrual syndrome, providing revenue management, reservation center support, and enabled data collection for fur ther analysis on their E.piphany software.This integrated IT infrastructure has allowed Outrigger to harness the analytical power of E.piphany to do forecasts and pass on business intelligence both at the source of business and at guest levels. Properties outside of Hawaii are not allowed to benefit from integration of IT and schooling systems since they run on similar but unalike systems that do not allow for real time electronic interface with other hotel locations and wholesalers of vacations. Outrigger believes that acentralized IT infrastructure and systems is a source of competitive advantage. However, as the firm has diversified its product portfolio and geographic presence they have been sacrificing the centralization of IT infrastructure and have been unable to harness the potential benefits of integrated systems in their international markets.To remedy this problem of a lack of integration and communication, Outrigger could expand their use of Stellax to its internatio nal locations, develop a new PMS/CRS system that better could better handle the incompatible ineluctably of Outriggers properties in different markets, or move its information sharing to the cloud for better communication between properties. Expansion of Stellax would benefit Outrigger by enabling invariable data gathering and analysis of important business and customer information that could allow for rewards programs that could increase profitability through cross-property traffic and meeting the needs of the customer better. This expansion of Stellax would be expensive and could establish problems due to differences in needs between properties in Hawaii and international properties. teaching of a new PMS/CRS platform that would be better suited for the wide variety of needs between different properties, though customization could be achieved through the application of add-on modules that could tailor the new PMS/CRS system to the unique needs of each individual property.This solution could be very complicated and oftentimes more expensive then the first alternative due to the degree of customization. In addition, this resource could create a more decentralized structure when Outrigger is trying to achieve increased centralization of operations. Lastly, Outrigger could move their information sharing between properties to the cloud. This option is less expensive than the other alternatives but would offer limited benefits. Though properties would be able to share business and customer information, analysis would be limited due to different data gathering techniques and differences between the type of business and customer data that each individual propertys system collected. To enable better integration of properties and to create a more centralized IT and systems infrastructure, Outrigger should develop a new PMS/CRS platform that would meet the needs of their diversified product markets.Though this option is most expensive it offers the most centrali zed structure and the greatest potential value forOutrigger. Stellax is very overaged even though it still suits the needs of properties in Hawaii, but not the needs of Outriggers international properties. By developing a new customizable PMS/CRS platform, Outrigger would become much more centralized and could create value from its diversified portfolio of projects through the utilization of rewards programs that promote cross-selling of Outrigger properties and harnesses the power of business and customer information that is consistent between Hawaii properties as well as international properties. To track to success of such a large system implementation Outrigger could track the amount of customers that visit multiple Outrigger locations and the success of cross-selling of properties through the tracking of customers redeeming rewards points they earned through staying a multiple different Outrigger properties. Implementation of label new software is risky however if it is prope rly managed and implemented correctly the rewards could greatly outweigh the cost.

Reflection on The Use of Force Essay Example for Free

Reflection on The recitation of Force EssayThe short narration The Use of Force is a story which is narrated by a character, the mendelevium. The main character is a normal physician which appreciates his job and is ready to fulfill his duty to find out what his patients paradoxs are. In the story, he seems to care administer about the claws health. At one point, he gets mad beca enforce all his cooperation with the youngster is getting them nowhere. Anger starts to be felt in the revives cabinet this is when the patient will have to be intensity leveld to get examined by the doctor. The doctor in the story knows how to apprehend patients, he starts out smoothly with the girl, knowing that children usually react with a swell attitude if you are friendly with them. The doctors duty is to know exactly what you are wan of, which the girl, for unknown reasons didnt want to be examined closely. She refused to admit she had a sore throat. The fact that her ignorance could k ill her made the doctor insane, he then became more insistent about using physical force to supporter her out. level off though the doctors effort didnt work, he knew that if he had the full support of her parents, they finally would come to an end with the problem. The doctor enjoyed the feeling of insane anger towards the child it made him go through the hard struggle of inauguration the childs mouth. The anger expressed by him was not directly linked to the girl, but to the situation, he did want to help out the ignorant, suffering girl from the sickness she was hiding.The two characters which bring an essence to the main goal of the story are the doctor and the child. The Doctor then finds pleasure in using force in diagnosing the unpleasant child, which happens to cause her pain. The child therefore, still is fighting back and will not abandon her cause. The child creates the turmoil without being conscious, she is being a painful patient and she is not able to tell whether what she does is good or wrong. It shows us that she is probably a spoiled and rebellious girl, who easily stands out when things arent what she wants. The doctor is overly part of the undesired situation, he is a key element in the turmoil. He enjoys using force uponthe child to help her out, he wants to prove her she is wrong to act as such. The doctor feels no penitences of the actions he took for the child, all he seeks for is satisfaction by proving himself he is helping the young child.The use of force was needed to resolve the situation. It was necessary to have a proper diagnosis of her health to preserve her. What really came down to the use of force was that the doctor was determined to find out what troubled the parents of the child. It was in addition that she made him so angry about being stubborn and so hard to handle that he became more and more persistent. To conclude, both of the characters want to win a fight, with misconduct. The doctor is faced with a problem of self discipline and the young girl has a lack of obedience.

International Trade and Tariff Essay Example for Free

Inter areaal Trade and Tariff EssayTariffs apologize the various impacts of an import tariff in trivial nations vs. large nations. The impact of an import tariff in a small nation is entirely unlike indeed an import tariff from a big nation. When smaller nations imposes a tariff, it does not affect world prices, however the price of the importable commodity willing depress to rise, usually by the amount of the tariff for manufacturers and trade in the small nation. When large nations impose a tariff, it will reduce the volume of trade. Large nation tariffs also improve terms of the nations trade. Since the volume of trade is being reduced, it tends to lesson the nations welfare.However it also post improve the nations welfare. It depends on the welfare of the nation to if it actually rises or falls depending on the two contrast forces. What are the three main reasons governments prefer using a tariff to restrict imports versus quotas? A fewer reasons why tariffs are bet ter option than import quotas is because, tariffs can gene place revenue for the Government, import quotas can lead to administrative corruption, and import quotas can cause smuggling. The reason the government can fudge bills off of tariffs is because there can be a percentage put on imported goods that will generate extra money.There are millions of different things that are imported into a commonwealth and the small percentage of tariffs generates a lot of revenue that would be lost of the government unless their trade had an authorizing fee on goods being imported. This can lead to administrative corruption, if there are no restrictions on importing goods then the government has the ability to pick and choose who can import and who cannot. This can give the custom officials a lot of power since they would have the ability to favor and only allow certain corporations. Tariff constitution helps to rid the possibility of corruptions.This not just the price, but also the quantit y sold through bring out and demand. Smuggling can occur with an import quota when there are large shortages. A tariff cannot digest a set twist on the goods or crossings that are coming into the country so the number of imports will increase when the demand for it goes up. Should our government use a weak dollar throw rate policy to make imports more expensive in order to help our exporters? The weakening of the U. S. dollar way of life that the dollar has fallen in value compared other currency. The weak dollar is good for exports, but not good for importers.The value of currency will decrease when the demand for that specific currency is low, which will make importing goods more expensive. A weak dollar can make things difficult for exporters that are sell to the United States. If a foreign company wants to sell goods to the U. S. it either needs to up the price of the product or sell it at a lower price because of the exchange rate. What roles do the IMF and WTO play in t rade and the use of tariffs? The IMF or Inter home(a) Monetary Fun is an global business of countries that strives to guarantee the perceptual constancy of the worldwide financial and economic system.The IMF tries to make sure that there is balanced growth to international trade, it promotes exchange constancy and helps to give countries a way to balance payment issues. Tariff rate data comes from the IMF database and the countrys authority figures. The WTO or World Trade Organization is a global company that work on the rules of trade between two countries. It helps to ensure that international trade moves smoothly and generously. It also gives countries a helpful and just outlet for dealing with arguments over importing issues.The WTO regulations permit a nation to carry certain businesses if the elimination of tariffs would have detrimental side effects, such as the loss of necessary national trade.

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas hum EssayWhat evidence is in that respect in A Christmas warble of social, cultural and historical contexts? A Christmas Carol is rich with historical, cultural and social contexts, all poignpismirely intertwined throughout the text. As the story is set in Victorian times, we are immediately given a sense of time and place in faculty 1, by descriptions of both customs duty and daily routines. As the tale was set so long ago, there were obviously no modern appliances or conveniences. heller shows this as he describes Scrooges counting house. Scrooge had a very small fire, moreover the clerks fire was so much very smaller that it looked like superstar coal, and tried to warm himself at the candle. We are also given an insight into the era when Dickens outlines customs in the streets Meanwhile the fog and darkness thickened so, that people ran about with flaring links, proffering their services to go before horses in carriages, and to conduct them on their way T he language used, I believe, is also influential to the boilersuit story.Again Dickens is setting a time frame, which the tale adheres to, and the phrases used by just about characters play up this I am sorry with all my heart to find you so resolute. We have never had whatever quarrel, to which I have been a party. But I have made the trial in faithfulness to Christmas, and Ill keep my Christmas humour to the last, Stop till I shut the door of the shop. Ah How it skreeks There ant such a rusty bit of metal in the place as its own hinges From the start out of the novel and, obviously due to its title, we can see that there is much influence from the cultural aspects of Christmas.As the story is set in the festive season, great emphasis is stressed on Scrooges attitudes compared to those around him at this traditionally jovial time of year/ This is a major factor in the structure of the story, although it is the commonplace social and cultural side of the holiday rather than th e religious meaning. In fact religion is alone suggested once, It might be pleasant to them to remember upon Christmas Day, who made lame beggars walk and blind men see, but isnt as important as the suggestion of charity and kindness to ones fellow man.The social aspects of the time, particularly the attitudes of some upper class towards the lower classes, play an important role in the story and are indulgent by, and then turned against, Scrooge. When asked whether he wishes to support a charity, Scrooge replies that prisons and workhouses are all the charity the wretched need. The harshness of these remarks are later presented to Scrooge in a different context and he begins to come across the full error of his ways- a major point in the story.Dickens, contrary to Scrooges thinking, later criticizes these opinions when we are shown the purpose of the Cratchits poverty. I believe the sympathy Dickens arouses when describing the house, stems from his own childhood where he was fo rced to work in a workhouse similar to those Scrooge talks about. This, I think, provides strong emotional aspects in the text and enables Dickens to effectively compel his audience to disagree with the social views presented.

Organization Behavior Analysis Essay Example for Free

Organization Behavior analytic thinking EssayConsequently, in the United States, formational behavior and counselling researchers started analyse the intent that culture plays in the business community. The investigation led to some confusion. Some believed that the national culture of Japan was the driving puff behind the competitive achievementes of businesses in that country. To others, however, it was the cultures of specific companies that created the advantage. My companion ingestions the Pluralism method. The first distinction to be made when studying culture is the direct of analysisa nation versus a specific company. An individual company constitutes the level of analysis. Therefore, organizational culture consists of a set of sh ard meanings and values held by a set of members in an organization that distinguish the organization from other organizations. An organizations culture determines how it perceives and reacts to the larger environment (Becker, 1982 Sch ein, 1996). Culture determines the nature of an individuals ensure in an organization in both for-profit companies and nonprofit enterprises. Over time, employees find out how the company works, what is rewarded, and what is punished.Questions, answers, myths, stories, and bank all become part of the organizational experience. When the person matches the organizational type, the fit produces the outgo chances for individual success. Company leaders enjoy distinct advantages when an organization exhibits a positive culture. Positive cultures be democratic and progressive. They gentility and value the contributions of members. Positive cultures tend to be more than flexible and adapt adequate to(p), making the organization better able to meet the challenges of a dynamic world (Benn, 2011). Organizational leaders require vested interests in trying to establish positive cultures over time.Some studies suggest that culture crowd out play a larger utilization in employee motivat ion than pay (Gifford, Zammuto, Goodman, Hill, 2002). Organizational culture butt joint help managers reach their goals while component employees adapt to company life. The benefits of a positive culture include stability, employee self- watchfulness, and assistance in integrating reinvigorated employees into the work puzzle.Communicating with the IRS for a imposepayer regarding the taxpayers rights, privileges, or liabilities under laws and regulations administered by the IRS. Representing a taxpayer at conferences, hearings, or meetings with the IRS. Preparing and filing documents, including tax returns, with the IRS for a taxpayer. Providing a client with written advice which has a potential for tax suspendance or evasion. Furnishing knowledge at the request of the IRS or appearing as a witness for the taxpayer is non practice forwards the IRS. Other individuals who may serve as fitatives. Because of their special relationship with a taxpayer, the following individuals fag translate the specified taxpayers in the first place the IRS, fork upd they present satisfactory identification and, except in the case of an individual expound in (1) below, proof of authority to represent the taxpayer.An individual. An individual can represent himself or herself before the IRS and does not have to file a written declaration of qualification and authority. 2. A family member. An individual can represent members of his or her immediate family. Immediate family includes a spouse, child, pargonnt, brother, or sister of the individual. 3. An officer. A bona fide officer of a conjunction (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, or organized group can represent the corporation, association, or organized group.An officer of a governmental unit, agency, or authority, in the course of his or her official duties, can represent the organization before the IRS. 4. A partner. A general partner may represent the league before the IRS. 5. An employee. A regular full-time employee can represent his or her employer. An employer can be, but is not limited to, an individual, partnership, corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, trust, receivership, guardianship, estate, organized group, governmental unit, agency, or authority. . A fiduciary. A fiduciary (trustee, executor, personal representative, administrator, receiver, or guardian) stands in the position of a taxpayer and acts as the taxpayer, not as a representative.Submit a power of attorney when you want to authorize an individual to represent you before the IRS, whether or not the representative get alongs any of the other acts cited earlier under What Is a Power of Attorney. A power of attorney is most often required when you want to authorize another individual to perform at least one of the following acts on your behalf. . Represent you at a meeting with the IRS. 2. set and file a written response to the IRS. Every day organizational operations involve processes and activities that are construed by many as distasteful or un grateful parts of employment because they involve the use of authority, power, or politics. The word politics has a invalidating connotation for many people. Although they may try to avoid political situations, wishing them away is not possible. Furthermore, not every use of power has a negative intention or outcome.Managers can exert power to achieve legitimate organizational goals. The end military issue may be an increase or decrease in personal power, and the events may be construed as being political or simply as doing his or her job. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. The three types of authority are line authority, staff authority, and functional authority. Line authority is direct, musket ball authority, as indicated by the vertical lines of an organization chart. Staff authority consists of the right to advise, or give advice. worki ng(a) authority is the right to direct but not to discipline. It emerges when an individual has been assigned a leadership role on a task force, project team, or committee. The type of authority that Internal Revenue attend to is mainly line authority. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. Employee indebtedness, or accountability, is the obligation to pick out out tasks as assigned by the supervisor. Each individual in a company is creditworthy to the manager at the next level up in the organizations hierarchy.The concept of parity of authority and responsibility states that equal levels of authority and responsibility should exist in each position (Fayol, 1916). Anyone who has authority should be held responsible for how that authority is used. Anyone being held responsible should have sufficient authority to get the job done. This is done in a positive manner. It gets the job done. If a manager motivates the unit, it brings out a positive outcome. A pleasant and pos itive job context contributes to individual and company success by enabling employees to do their best work.Through processes such as mentoring and rewarding, which help to build self-efficacy and self-esteem in individual workers, motivated behaviors can be increased. A company with an unpleasant physical environment, poor reward system, unqualified or unwieldy supervisors, or counterproductive cultural norms limits motivated behaviors (Kamdar Van Dyne, 2007). Emotional Intelligence explains why, despite equal smart capacity, training, or experience, some people excel while others of the same caliber lag behind.Certain competencies are found repeatedly in high performers at all levels, from customer service representatives to CEOs. As trainers we must(prenominal) find ways to build these talents labeled EQ (emotional intelligence quotients). Research has shown that emotional intelligence, which encompasses self confidence, can be developed through things like awareness, trainin g, coaching, and practice. That is why a growing number of organizations in the US and around the world is investing in providing their managers with training in emotional intelligence.The conclusion then is that if you are looking to build your self confidence as an important step toward achieving your dreams in life, you should consider pickings some training or coaching that helps you develop your emotional intelligence. If you are a trainer or a coach, you should consider adding emotional intelligence to your offerings to help your clients build the confidence to achieve their dreams. The application of the radical Sciences to the management of organizations in the age of hyper competition result also be investigated, in order to sop up whether it could improve our understanding and insight into the modern business organization.Due to the fact that this is a in the altogether and evoke way of managing a business, the amount of research literature available is limited. As al ways, when entering such unmapped waters, more questions will be raised than answers given, but this is indicative of a new concept, and leaves room for more intensive research which will provide a greater understanding of the value added by this management paradigm. Margaret Wheatley (1994) turns to the New Sciences to demonstrate how some of the issues discussed above might be accommodated.She shows how the New Sciences including Quantum Physics, Chaos Theory, Chemistry, and Molecular biological science provide insights into transforming how organizations organize work, people and life, in order to meet the strategic imperatives defined by DAveni. In particular, Wheatley draws on the New Sciences to apply scientific concepts to the problems of order/ change autonomy/ control structure/ flexibleness and planning/ innovation within organizations, and in so doing, calls, respectively, for free-flowing information, individual empowerment, relationship networks, and organizational c hange that evolves organically.This new approach to organizations is a dramatic shift away from thinking of organizations in mechanistic terms, as collections of expendable parts, where leadership seeks prediction and control. A paradigm shift like this can only cook place successfully if the necessary tools and mechanisms are available to support the application of the fundamental insights, offered by the New Sciences, to the multiplex adaptive system, i. e. the Organization .ConclusionIn summary, career development includes all efforts and activities conducted by individual employees and the organization to help each person choose and follow the best path. The primary concepts that apply to personal success are building an ethical foundation, becoming involved in training and preparation, finding the right person-organization fit, agreeable in continuous improvement, and achieving balance. Organizational needs also must be met to fully achieve a quality career development sys tem. The age of the virtual organization is fast becoming a reality.The implications of this have to be dealt with urgently in the new millennium, as the adoption of ever newer technologies and the emerging trends discussed earlier will continue to manifest at an exponential rate. What is also clear is that the traditional management framework is increasingly proving itself incapable of satisfactorily dealing with the new market reality Conventional theories and practices no longer provide the necessary guidance and support for decision-making in a world of change, complexity and uncertainty.It is this, then, that is driving the move towards a new management paradigm, in terms of which the management function will be radically redefined to take emerging realities into consideration. If companies are to prosper to be drivers of their industries they will need to proactively embrace a new management philosophy that is cognizant of the dynamics of information science, accelerating ch ange, a borderless world, the holistic approach, the New Sciences, as well as the growth of technology, and, in the words of Vernor Vinge,the dawn of the Technological Singularity.

An Honest Farmer Essay Example for Free

An Honest Farmer EssayThe dictionary defines integrity as an uncompromising adherence to a moral code and ssys the word traces its origins to a Latin term meaning untouched. Here is integrity, untouched and unshaken by altered circumstances. There was a state of war in Germany long ago, and thousands of soldiers were scattered over the country. A captain of the cavalry, who had a great many men and horses to feed, was told by his colonel that he must get food from the farms nearby.The captain byeed for some time through the alone(predicate) vale, and at last knocked at the door of a small cottage. The man who opened it looked old and lame. He leaned on a stick. Good day, sir, said the captain. Will you kindly show me a field where my soldiers evict cut the grain and carry it off for our army? the old man led the soldiers through the valley for about a mile, and in the distance they saw a field of barley waving in the breeze. This is just what we want.Well stop here, excl aimed the captain. No, non yet, said the old man. You must follow me a little farther. aft(prenominal) another mile or two, they came to a second field of barley. The soldiers dismounted, cut down the grain, tied it in sheaves, and rode away with it. Then the captain said to the old farmer Why did you make us walk so far? The first field of barley was better than this one. That is true, sir, answered the honest old man, but it was not mine. farmer

Generation Gap Essay Example for Free

Generation Gap EssaySince the industrial r developing was experienced in the United States, technological organic evolution has caused generation gaps between people. Advances such as computers and the Internet, space research and security measures systems be but a few of the systems that continue to evolve beyond the capacity of yesterdays technology-savvy people. Televisions in 2011 are quite complex. Even people who use gaming systems that have progressed from old joysticks to the reading of a persons animal(prenominal) movement for game play have surpassed those who were satisfied with the less complicated systems. ClothingThe evolution of fit out promotes gaps between generations, and has done so for years. This is often led by movie stars, rock stars and other artists. readiness in costume and the desire for the next item in demand continues to push clothing to bare-assed limits. What was once considered risque by grandparents is now acceptable and worn daily by gra ndchildren. As clothing changes and evolves, this generation gap often finds itself thriving in between parents and their children.LanguageLanguage has been evolving for thousands of years. Nouns have hold out verbs this often aligns with the technology evolution, along with increasing exposure to the Internet. Social sites and chat rooms have boost a new generation of language founded on acronyms and shortened phrases. Many people who are unknown with this find themselves lost on social media sites and in chat rooms. Some of this language is carrying into the daily rescue of some people. Oftentimes, questions are answered with, I dont know, just Google it.MusicAlways evolving, euphony has often been blamed for source the gap between different generations. Messages change, styles change and there is always a push for the development of a new sound. Music brings back memories that people tend to hang on to. Because of this connection, people have a tendency to hang onto the mus ic of their generation and may eventually find distaste in the music of other generations. This creates widening gapsbetween generations, some of which have been monumental.Over the course of 20 years, the telephone has evolved and interpreted on tremendous changes. Gone are the days of circular dials in are the smartphones that think for themselves. It is because of the evolution of technology that generation gaps exist between the two different types of phones. People experience the same circumstances. The evolution of technology, clothing, language and music are classic examples of causes of generation gaps.

Balance Sheet Notes Preparation and Discussion Essay Example for Free

Balance Sheet Notes zeal and Discussion EssayThis week paper requires our team to prep be three notes to the balance sheet and income statement. Also, ask us to discuss why footnotes are usable and important to financial statements. Below we have include the requested footnotes (prepared ground on our follow through working with a CPA Firm in customary accounting) and our discussion related in relation to the footnotesInventoryInventory is stated at the lower of follow or market using the first-in, first-out regularity of farm animal accounting. Inventory includes certain costs associated with the preparation of inventory for resale, including distribution costs, labor, and freight. The Company records a reserve for the anticipated loss associated with selling inventories below cost. This reserve is based on solicitudes current knowledge with respect to inventory levels, sales trends and historical experience (Lowes).Property and Equipment and Depreciation PolicyPrope rty and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged against operations. Renewals and betterments that materially extend the life of the assets are capitalized. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line institution over the estimated useful life of the related assets. For income tax purposes, depreciation is computed using the accelerated cost method (AICPA).The Company periodically reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of anasset may not be recoverable. No evidence of impairment is evident as a chair of such review.Income TaxesThe Company establishes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the tax and financial accounting bases of assets and liabilities. The tax effectuate of such differences are reflected in the balance sheet at the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. A valuation allo wance is recorded to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets if it is more(prenominal) likely than not that all or a portion of the asset will not be realized. The tax balances and income tax expense recognized by the Company are based on managements interpretation of the tax statutes of multiple jurisdictions (Lowes).Team DiscussionFirst of all, it is a fact that footnotes are an integral part of the financial statements (F/S). They contain reading that otherwise cannot be included in the form of the F/S, but important enough to influence the judgment of a user or proofreader (Kieso, Weygrandt Warfield). Such information could be express either as an explanatory paragraph, schedule or timetables, useful to help users have a better understanding of how the company he intend to invest or extend credit operates, its environment, industry, and how it measure and records transactions. Additional information like going concern issues, contingencies, and subsequent events, which are relevant to reach a conclusion, are included in the footnotes as well. When this happens, it raises red flags to readers, because they provide information and events they may have been occurred after the end of the financial statements period, which is necessary for timely the true (Chron, 2015).ReferencesAICPA (2015). Illustrative Financial Statements Prepared Using the Financial Reporting Framework for low-toned and Medium Entities. Retrieved from http//www.aicpa.org/InterestAreas/FRC/AccountingFinancialReporting/PCFR/DownloadableDocuments/FRF-SME/FRFforSMEs_Illustrative_Financial_Statements.pdf Chron Small Business. (2015). Guide-making Footnotes to Financial Statements. Retrieved from

University of hertfordshire objectives

University of hertfordshire objectivesAbstractIn this assignment project me discuss and construct a Management dodging that considers the University of Hertfordshire financial and non financial behaviour. A major part of the project is to develop a strategy that could identify the complications at the com bursting charge direct. This model is for the University of Hertfordshire to review and discuss its romance and mission slice keeping the objectives of the University in mind. The project leave behind identify the key attributes and criteria fo reviewing the strategy. More everywhere the project develops the mission, pot and measures to be notified and followed by the University by considering the organizations ethical, cultural, enviromnental, social and personal line of credit background. It will help to proactively make good management and therefore reduce loss of revenue and market sh ar. This ultimately will lead to improved communications locally as well as world-wide ly as well as greater returns. The Techniques will utilize the latest research techniques and consider Universitys corporate objectives and business rules.The process discussed in this assignment is called strategicalal programning and Implementation.Keywords- Strategy Management, Planning, Vision, Business Behavior and look for Techniques1) IntroductionIn todays highly competetive environs (business), mean that is budget oriented or forecast based are not that efficient. The University must(prenominal) draft in Strategy Management Planning that clearly defines and assesses the objectives of the university and evaluates the progress of the university.strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics. Strategic management is closely related to the range of Organization Studies and provides overall direction to the enterprisingness. According to Arieu (2007), there is strategic consistency when the actions of an organization are rec onciled with the expectations of management, and these in turn are with the market and the context.Strategic management is an ongoing process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which the company is involved assesses its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors and then reassesses each strategy every year or quarterly i.e. regularly to determine how it has been implemented and whether it has succeeded or needs replacement by a juvenile strategy to meet changed circumstances, bare-assed engine room, new competitors, a new economic environment., or a new social, financial, or political environment. (Lamb, 1984ix)The following definitions, when combined, characterize a comprehensive strategic planning process. Strategic planning isa rational analysis of the opportunities offered by an environment and of strengths and weaknesses of the firm, and selection of a match (strategic) between the deuce which best sa tisfied the objective of the firm (Ansoff, 1976).the process of determining what an organization does, what it will do in the future, and how it will manage to do it. (Bryson, 1988).disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that shape and train an organization, what it does and why it does it (Bryson, 1988).the continuous process of making present entrepreneurial ( venture-taking) decisions consistently and with the greatest familiarity of their futurity organizing systematically the efforts needed to carry out these decisions and measuring the results of these decisions against the expectations by dint of organized, systematic feedback (Drucker, 1974).1.1) Structure of the process- Management StrategyStrategic Formulation would be the process of the following steps committee and Objectives What we want to become and what we aim to strike.Principles The objectives and the commitments of the University that guide us.Environmental Scanning Factors like glo bal, national and state contexts, education sector, various social and business trends, outcomes and gaps.Strategy Formulation- Strenghts to the opportunities identified and competetive advantageStrategy Implementation- Implementing budget allocation, procedure.Evaluation and Control- Monitoring and Adjustments required.Developing the strategy would help the University to be acclaimed as international University recognised for innovative and original ideas and exploring and enriching those ideas to enrich individuals, their commitments and the environment.1.2) Criteria for Reviewing Potential OptionsIn the delivery of the Universitys Vision, Mission and Aims, choices must be made on where to invest resources (including people, effort, money and infrastructure) to achieve strategic objectives and the associated benefits, and to minimise risk (Sue Hybart, 11 April 2006). The Universitys strategic planning cycle illustrates the process leading from setting strategic objective by dint of option review to making choices upon which specific implementation plans are built.Establishing criterias for strategic investment looking across all areas of the UniversityAnalysis of the System education and its implicationsSustain national and international recognition for excellence and enterprisePromote ethical practice in education and research as an integral part of the University finishingMaintain a leading research performance through outstanding scholarship,ground-breaking discovery, cooperative networks and commercialised outcomes. lace and sustain a reputation for excellence in learning and tenet through innovation and grapheme student outcomes.Advance the Innovation Campus as a successful space for developing new ideas and applications through University-business partnershipsStrengthen connections to the connection through improved channels for interaction and mutually beneficial projects.According to Chan (1993), high education institutions utilizing strate gic planning have five characteristicsa shared and inspiring vision that defines an institutions identity operator and desired position in the marketplacea well-done strategic fashion model that directs institutional energies and activitiesan institutional commitment to enrich away environments throug manifesting its valuesa widespread strategic thinking capability that prevails over a rigid, formal an centralized planning processa supportive value system and humor that emphasizes participatory governance and empowers participants within the institution.Moreover there are certain key areas which need to be considered-Assess the ease of realisation (closure of gap) based on Distance between current position and aspiration, investing (funding, time, and new(prenominal) resources) required to close gap on sustainable basis, servant of market attractiveness and consideration of opportunity cost and risk assessment.Details of administrative support and link to the University.Modif ications and support from the staff members. working(a) in collobatation for the university would act like as an useful tool and it would generate more help and a systemetic government agency of approach leading to better understanding of the management and their results and analysis.Moreover one of the important instrument would be the involvement of the students in learning and their life at University. Moreover to achieve excellent, internationally recognised outcomes, the University should continue to focus more on promoting the ability, creativity, and commitment of the staff at the University.These criteria help in business and enterprise international outlook, and would help in learning and teaching research along with the practical come and knowledge gained to students and the staff members.According to Mockler (1995) though strategy formulation is very central to understanding strategic management, it does not sufficiently provide a concrete direction for action. This ca n only be provided by strategy implementation. This view suggests that strategy implementation poses even more difficulties than strategy formulation. However, a basic framework can be derived to serve as a road map to strategy formulation (Mezias, Gringer and Gruth 2001 Hills and Jones 1995 Mockler 1995).2) Vision, Mission, Objectives and Measures2.1) bloke AnalysisAn environment in which the University operates can be expressed in terms of the following factors governmental It would include various government regulations and legal issues and define various norms and rules under which University operates. It includes tax policies, employment benefits and laws, handicraft restrictions and tariffs, political coherence among the staff and the students and environmental regulations.Economic Factors It would and affect the universitys cost allocation. Some key examples are economic growth, interest rates etc.Social Factors Social factors includes the cultural and demographic aspects. These factors affect node needs and the size of potential markets. Some factors include health consiousness, career attituded of the students, age distribution and screen strength.Business and Technology factors- They can be very important as they may run the other factors. They can lower the barrier to entry, reduce minimum efficcient production levels, including R and D activity, rate of technology change atc.2.1.1 SWOT AnalysisSwot analysis helps in matching the resources and the capabilities to the external arena in this competetive era. As dicussed on (http//www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/), a firms strenght are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competetive advantage.Examples include, strong names, cost advantage, and exclusive access to high target natural resources. It can be determoined by SWOT matrix which is a very good forefinger of the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats (Bradford and Robert W. Duncan).2.2 Vision and MissionStarategy Management Plays into role if the Vision and the mission are defined within the constraints of the guidelines by the University and the Faculty.Vision- To become an international University that is recognised and known for originality, enterprise and its ethics in focussing, exploring, transfering and applying knowledge to enrich its students and the individuals, their communities and the environment.Mission- Our mission is to excel through Research and teaching of world-class innovative standard and impact,learning environment that supports, informs and inspires our diverse student partnership,Staff initiative, enthusiasm and commitment to the Universitys goals, Collaboration and enterprise that provide innovative and timely ideas and solutions for the University and its community partners (Mockler (1995)).University share a commitment to promoting and celebrating excellence through initiative, enterprise and achievements that take society forward in an intell ectual way and the freedom for opinion. It is very important to maintain the integrity, mutual respect and collegiality among the University. Moreover pupils from all over the world having different cultures, ideas should stand together for the development of the University. It is very important for the University to foresight the quality and accountability as an institution by mutual development and community partnership. Moreover equal monitoring plays a vital role where students from all over the world are studying.The University is commited to developing graduates who are informed, independent learners, problem solvers, powerful communicators, and responsible towards the society and to themselves.2.3) Objectives and Measures for evaluationThe university can and have set the goals and objectives as parameters for a progress towards the vision1. Excellence and innovation in learning and teachingGraduates equipped to contribute to society and the workplaceAn active, collaborativ e and flexible learning experience for studentsQuality programs relevant to the evolving needs of students and the communityAn international focus in learning and teachingHigh quality teaching2. Excellence and innovation in researchResearch of high quality and impact at an international levelEnhanced cogency to attract external grant fundingQuality research student scholarship and trainingStrong partnerships with external organisations to achieve mutually beneficial research outcomesEnhanced capacity for commercial research and commercialisation of research outcomes3. combat-ready engagement with our communitiesA University that is accessible, outward reaching and responsive to its communitiesStrong reciprocal relationships that enrich our communitiesIntegration of community engagement in our academic activitiesEnhanced educational aspirations and higher education participation in our regions4. Students engage with learning and University lifeStudents engaged as members of the Un iversity communityEfficient and professional management of each manakin of the student experienceA social and physical environment where all students can participate in University lifeEffective communication between students and the University5. A university of international outlook and achievementA community with a diverse and honour global perspective and cultureA university of choice for international studentsInternational recognition for quality, standards and outcomes6. Versatile, skilled and committed staffAn adaptable workforce with skills aligned to strategic directionsA supportive, rewarding and equitable work environment7. Business capacity to advance the achievement of our VisionDecision-making based on sound planning, governance and quality processesStrategic deployment of resources and informationA sustainable and reliable infrastructurePlan for the Implementation of the strategyIn this section I would be decribing about all the 7 objectives mentioned in the last head ing. Moreover I would be explaining the strategic priorities, key indicators of the performance and the plan which could help in the betterment of the University and its members.3.1) Development and Creation of the strategyGoal 1The University is committed to providing its diverse body of students with an pleasant internationally oriented atmosphere and learning experience. The priority is to promote ethical education as a part of culture, maintaining the reputation of the University and ensuring that graduates and undergraduates are committed to their employers for their knowledge and skills attained at the University.Strategy Goal 1-University must integrate the development of Graduate into the curriculum at any level and standard. University should develop, focuss and implement institutional approaches for analysing the increase of Graduate Qualities so that University can know what skills are their students gaining. University should continue to give priority to developing the capacity of students and embed the outcomes of the Academic Integrity Project. University must provide opportunities that equip students for employment in a global labour market. University should optimise the mix of delivery methods to enhance the learning experience of students across all teaching locations and facilities to provide a physical environment that is engaging, collaborative and flexible. An international focus would help them to develop their knowledge and skills lobally and would help them to compete in a larger scale.Key Indicators-Learning and Teaching PerformanceStudent PerceptionEmployer PerceptionInternational Recognition

Projectification of the organisational world

Projectification of the organisational worldIt is fascinating to observe from the circumspection and occupancy sciences, how organisations be changing their structural behavioursNowadays, it is hard to imagine an organisation that is non engaged in some(prenominal) kind of look activity. Over the past decade, organisations have been turning from operations to bedevil oversight as part of their competitive advantage scheme.Organisations atomic number 18 at a time redefining their contrast structures by adopting see focus practices, frankincense Maylor et al. (2006, p.663) point forbidden that redactification is the suffice that comprehends disposalal changes through a process where work is managed by jut outs. We should because look at projects as projectification means to get to the implementation of system although it might be a realistic statement, it still has a more in dept reasoning behind it and we hope this document leave enlighten this further.Project s as the fundamental of projectification are defined as temporary organizations created to deliver single or more bank line products translated in to project objectives according to their business case requiring specific competencies or skills for a pre-determined period of time according to The region of Governament Commerce (OGC, 2009, p.31). However, Maylor et. al. (2006, p.664) have a different designation of projects, asmanagerial tools and structures for innovation and change.Other interconnected concepts related to projects will be further explained looking at the projectification of the organisational world.Maylor et. al. (2006, p.663) support that there are two completely opposite ideas among the managerialist concept of a project as a way to control and the idea that projects are flexible and less bureaucratic structures and as m both commentators according to Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.8) cite, they position projects as more appropriate for implementing moot strate gies. despite the to a higher place, Maylor et. al.(2006, p.664) citing Davies, Brady and Hobday point out that organisations are finding that traditional organizational structures (i.e. with departments, business units and divisions) are no longer appropriate. However, Haniff and Fernie (2008) defend that projectification is non always thrown as the most favourable process and it post become problematic if different organisations running(a) together do not have the same projectification approach. Thus, projectification is not seen as a firm solution, i.e. in the perspective of delivering deliberate strategies. That might be the case in the construction sector where Haniff and Fernie (2008, p.9) state thatit is unworldly to assume that any pre-determined project plan can be simplistically implemented.According to above pessimistic view, Maylor et. al. (2006, p.667) check over that we might face barriers to projects being carried out, this might in turn show that is an unwante d consequence of the projectification process but one to account for as limitations in the implementation of the organizational strategy whitethorn emerge. Despite these limitations, Maylor et. al. (2006, p.664) citing Packendorff and Hodgson support that there is an evidence of increasing belief of projectification through projects. This is stated by Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.5), they believe that unified strategy is now a means of thinking through and articulating how an organizations corporate goals and objectives will be achieved. This submit us towards how Bracker cited in Shirley (1982, p. 263) characterises business strategyas an environmental or situational analysis to determine a firms posture in its field and if the firms resources are utilized in an appropriate manner to attain its study goals.Some consider that business strategy is folded in strategic initiatives such as Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.5), explain that these initiatives are often clustered into port folios of programs and projects for implementation, whose support is given by organization roles in particular project workers and managers as Packendorff and Hodgson cited in Maylor et. al. (2006, p.664) emphasize. Again, Maylor et. al. (2006, p.666) agree these developing roles are a consequence of projectification as well as the attempt for authority by project managers. These are responsible for the supplying, delegating, monitoring and control of all aspects of the project, and the motivation of those at heart the temporary organization to achieve the project objectives within the expected project performance measures, time, cost, quality, scope, benefits and risks according to OGC (2009, p.4). Gaddis (1969, p.96) makes a mature point when distinguishing tactics from strategy doing the analogy to the advanced-technology project manager and the research administrator, where the first is considered the tactician and the another(prenominal) the strategist. Therefore, project managers are not directly seen as a strategy deliver role as Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6) citing Thomas, Delisle, Jugdev, and Buckle argue. In addition project managers are seen as strongly execution oriented role, as per project management responsibilities, and as such, they are not perceived as strategically important by senior managers.Although, Pellegrinelli and Bowman (1994, p.126) see that projects are grouped in designs to actually achieve beneficial changes of strategic nature for an organisation.Unlike project management, Pellegrinelli, Partington and Young cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.8) see implementation of strategy through programme management, as well as McElroy cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6) emphasizes the consume for senior management involvement for successful strategy implementation. A more realistic view from Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.8) is that many commentators position projects as more appropriate for implementing deliberate (planned ) strategies, while considering programmes for both deliberate and emergent (unplanned) strategies. Including the view of the Association for Project Management (APM) cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6) for good governance practice is that now clearly requires confederation between business, portfolio, programme and project plans, and transparent describe of issues throughout the strategic hierarchy as well as Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6) defend that these should have a reciprocal relationship.Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.8) bring to this context that corporate strategy is not translated into project strategy by a simplistic process. It is further complex and it requires an extensive range of management competencies and a clear definition of roles and responsibilities. See convention 1 below. predict 1 Organisations Strategic HierarchySubsequently, Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.16) defend that the hierarchy of objectives and strategies, represented in Figure 1 by the int erconnectivity between those 5 blocks, enable organizations to cascade strategy in a self-opinionated way, such as the Archibalds model mentioned in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6) specifies, objectives and strategies are developed at the policy, strategic, working(a) and project levels and cascaded down, thereby ensuring co-occurrence and continuity of strategy. Partington cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6), suggest three levels of strategy (See Figure 1) as corporate, business and operational being operational level focussed on programmes and projects. Yet, according to Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6), this hierarchy of objectives and strategies can generally be formed as a result of using a strategy planning process which in turn can be a highly good mean of structuring and managing strategy, and communicating it to the organization and throughout.Johnson and Scholes cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.5) highlight that,strategic management is often ambiguous, complex and dynamic, fundamental and organization-wide, and generally has long-term implications.Although, there may be pre-established strategy planning processes and practices, strategy may not be crystalized in a straightforward way as many planners assume according to Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6). Baker, Bard, Cooper and others cited in Srivannaboon and Milosevic (2006, p. 494) argue that reorient project management with the business strategy is not a clear process but Gomolski cited in Rathnam (2004, pp. 2-3) defend that with business ownership and accountability can lead the way to ensure alignment of business strategy. Most studies link business strategy with project management through project selection and see that as part of the alignment process. Others such as Thompson cited in Henderson and Venkatraman (1990, p.26), see alignment made not only of static elements but a combination of strategy dynamics and behaviors which are managed by orthogonal factors to the organizatio n. Supporting this view, Mintzberg and Waters (1985, P. 271), argue that managing requiresa light deft touch to direct, in order to realize intentions while at the same time responding to an unfolding pattern of actions.Again, the interaction between projects or programmes and the organizations strategy may be both deliberate and emergent when attempting to implement the intended strategy, according to Grabher, cited in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.6).The UK Office of Government Commerce (OGC) in Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.8) considers the alignment between strategy and projects to be one of the main benefits of programme management. However, this seems out dated regarding recent guidance on governance. It is expected that increasing need to understand this alignment issue will be translated in to more literature and experience based contributions on this subject.The project management has become an important business process for organizations and Srivannaboon and Milosevic (2006, p.493) support that project management and the business strategy alignment help organizations to focus on the right projects, given the objectives of the business strategy. On the other hand, any misalignment may cause an organization to lose market opportunities and the organizations recovery process might be difficult. Therefore, to effective project management and to achieve the business strategic alignment it is required to have a deeper mind of these complexities. Accordingly to Shirley (1982, p. 268) it is in the study of such complexities in relation to internal strengths, weaknesses, and values of the organization that students and skill are challenged and as well confused with processes involved in strategy making.This is furthermore complex when various organisations are working together to deliver the projects objectives and therefore the business strategy. Accordingly to Haniff and Fernie (2008, p.9), each individual organisation has got their one project strategy th at aligns with the organizational strategy. This results in individual team members influencing at some level the project strategy by creating an emergent project management strategy. Similarly, Jamieson and Morris cited in Srivannaboon and Milosevic (2006, p.495) suggest that most of the elements of the strategic planning process, such as internal analysis, organizational structures, and control systems, are strongly linked to project management processes and activities and thereby strongly influence intended business strategies. Accordingly to Mintzberg and Waters (1985, p.272) this strategic control mentioned above may be in managers which is further recognized by the patterns and actions of managers on their own actions within the organization configuration.Despite project management processes, other issues co-exist such as the lack of a single perspicuous project strategy that can lead to loss of business understanding and directly influencing the link between business strateg y and project implementation which may be extremely affected according to Morris and Jamieson (2005, p.11). In addition, Rathnam (2004, p.2) draws attention to research made by others that leads us to communication and understanding to be the strategy alignment problem. Morris and Jamieson (2005, pp.7-8) also point out that the business and operating requirements of a project frequently affect the project strategy significantly. Per instance, in the IT industry as Rathnam (2004, pp.4-5) shows, the lack of business strategy, lack of focus on business process, misalignment between business areas and organization structural barriers, lack of an enterprise-wide view, business against IT mentality, lack of awareness in need for strategy alignment, difficulty in communicating and understanding IT, resistance to escalate misalignment conflicts to executive management and quick rate of technological change where considered the main gaps for strategy alignment. Cicmil et. al. (2006, p.679) argue that,If projects fail because of miscommunication and failure to meet expectations, what is it just about project management that makes this happen so much in a project environment?Projects are very complex and characterized by issues related to uncertainty, control and mutual interaction among project intervenients according to Cicmil et. Al. (2006, p.676). In addition Cicmil et. al. (2006, p.683) claims that management actions to accelerate perturbed projects make the problem worse which is the case when the project is heavily time-constrained. Avots (1969) adds that the upon man appointed as project manager, lack of support from the company management, inadequate task definitions, management techniques not appropriate or project termination not well planned are also the reasons for a project failure. Despite the fact that organisations may be using projects to secure business benefit, Midler cited in Maylor et. al. (2006, p.669) question whether this is actually being ach ieved by these management practices.The existing concepts for what constitutes a project may not be in agreement within the project management practitioners community. Also the temporary organisation (project team) and prevision of the project outcomes may not be consistent with all intervenients. This is a result of organisational projectification and as such we shall reconsider the term project given this paper.It is evident that in a multi project level is where we can find a bigger gap in maintaining the strategic alignment through project management and projects. Therefore this presents an area of great interest for both practitioners and scholars.Different project management approaches and methodologies are now being used by organizations at all stages of the project life cycle with project strategy development, review and optimization occurring at specific points.A high percentage of organizations define the personal project management competencies required to develop projec t strategy.Several organizations stressed the leadership qualities that they expected of their executives in determine and delivering strategy, at both the project level as well as the corporate level. It can be concluded, therefore, that although project strategy management is an underexplored and insufficiently described subject in the business and project literature, it is, in fact, a relatively well-trodden area, deserving of more recognition, formal study, and discussion.(Word count Max 2500)